Applications of neuroimaging to disease-modification trials in Alzheimer's disease.

Critical to development of new therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the ability to detect clinical or pathological change over time. Clinical outcome measures typically used in therapeutic trials have unfortunately proven to be relatively variable and somewhat insensitive to change in this slowly progressive disease. For this reason, development of surrogate biomarkers that identify significant disease-associated brain changes are necessary to expedite treatment development in AD. Since AD pathology is present in the brain many years prior to clinical manifestation, ideally we want to develop biomarkers of disease that identify abnormal brain structure or function even prior to cognitive decline. Magnetic resonance imaging, fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, new amyloid imaging techniques, and spinal fluid markers of AD all have great potential to provide surrogate endpoint measures for AD pathology. The Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative (ADNI) was developed for the distinct purpose of evaluating surrogate biomarkers for drug development in AD. Recent evidence from ADNI demonstrates that imaging may provide more sensitive, and earlier, measures of disease progression than traditional clinical measures for powering clinical drug trials in Alzheimer's disease. This review discusses recently presented data from the ADNI dataset, and the importance of imaging in the future of drug development in AD

Synthesis and properties of interaction product of rosin and diethylenetriamine

Amides of rosin resin acids are a promising material for use in the technology of paper and cardboard in order to increase its strength characteristics. Therefore product of rosin resin acids interaction with diethylenetriamine arouses interest. The influence of temperature and duration of the process of interaction of rosin resin acids with diethylenetriamine on the acid number of the product are examined in this article. Melting point of the received rosin amides was defined. The thermal stability of the reaction product of abietic acid with diethylenetriamine was studied. It was proved that this product contains the appropriate functional groups using IRspectroscopy

Preparation of pine flotation oil by hydration with α-pinene

The hydration of α-pinene of gum turpentine and separately pinene fractions in the organic acids media for the purpose of obtaining terpene alcohols, which are widely used as flotation reagent for mineral processing in mining production were studied. The best results are obtained among the organic acids when 70% formic acid is used. The α-pinene hydration process in the acid imedium is exothermic, and it is necessary to maintain a constant temperature of 65 °C to reduce the rate of side reactions. The main component of turpentine, resulting in the formation of α-terpineol is α-pinene; 3-carene, terpinolene, and limonene contents do not practically change in the reaction mixture, which testify their stability in 70% formic acid media. The maximum content of terpene alcohols (60,1%) was obtained when using α-pinene fraction at a ratio of α-pinene and 70% formic acid 1.0 : 1.1 for 3 hours. Increase of the duration of hydration reaction leads to the decrease in the content of terpineol in the reactio n mixture due to the secondary isomerization processes

Strength enhancement of packaging paper using nitrogen compounds

Nitrogen-containing compounds were synthesized for the first time in the department of chemical processing of wood. These polymers, which contain amino and amidogroups, different water solubility, regularity and linearity. The essence of obtaining nitrogen compounds studied based on the chemical interaction with rosin diethylenetriamine and adipic (fumaric) acid. Amino and amidogroups participate in the formation of additional strengthening ties. The tests of samples of paper containing his compositions containing compounds, have shown that the new synthesized polymers exhibit strengthening effect similar to the effect of import connections Maresin and Melapret

Fumaric acid amides in technologies of paper and cardboard

Fumaric acid polyamids were synthesized by interaction of fumaric acid with polyamines (diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine) by equilibrium polycondensation in the melt. The obtained products are promising as hardening additives in the technology of paper and cardboard. This article studies the type and rate effects of fumaric acid polyamides on some paper strength properties (breaking length, breaking force in dry and wet states). It is shown that the greatest effect of the paper hardening is achieved by using the additive, which is a product of polycondensation of fumaric acid and diethylenetriamine

Covariant equations for the three-body bound state

The covariant spectator (or Gross) equations for the bound state of three identical spin 1/2 particles, in which two of the three interacting particles are always on shell, are developed and reduced to a form suitable for numerical solution. The equations are first written in operator form and compared to the Bethe-Salpeter equation, then expanded into plane wave momentum states, and finally expanded into partial waves using the three-body helicity formalism first introduced by Wick. In order to solve the equations, the two-body scattering amplitudes must be boosted from the overall three-body rest frame to their individual two-body rest frames, and all effects which arise from these boosts, including the Wigner rotations and rho-spin decomposition of the off-shell particle, are treated exactly. In their final form, the equations reduce to a coupled set of Faddeev-like double integral equations with additional channels arising from the negative rho-spin states of the off-shell particle.Comment: 57 pages, RevTeX, 6 figures, uses epsf.st

Bullets, Bucks, and the Bottom Line: Corporate Engagement in Violence Intervention and Economic Growth in Impoverished Neighborhoods

America’s paradigm of socio-economic success has focused on education first then employment. That paradigm blocks employment for workers in impoverished minority communities where quality schools are absent. Jobs are paramount, education can follow. Corporations can succeed as pro-active agents of socio-economic change, eroding racial barriers blocking minorities’ entry into the workplace. Multinational corporations have tailored products and trained employees in culturally complex overseas markets. Similar strategies can successfully engage low-wage and public service workers in multicultural training preparing for America’s changing demographics. We propose five engagement strategies that enable corporations increase minority employment and promote social justice

A New Supersymmetric CP Violating Contribution to Neutral Meson Mixing

We study the contribution to flavor changing neutral current processes from box diagrams with light higgsinos and squarks. Starting with just the Cabbibo Kobayashi Maskawa (CKM) phase, we find contributions to the $K^0$ and $B^0$ meson mass matrices that are out of phase with the Standard Model contributions in the case of substantial mixing between the up-type squarks. This difference in phase could be large enough to be detected at the proposed $B$ factories, with interesting implications for the unitarity triangle of CKM matrix elements.Comment: 1 reference added, 1 reference clarified, 2 typos corrected (QCD corrections to K meson mixing in Tables 1 and 3). To be published in Phys. Rev. D. 15 pages (Latex), 2 figures and epsfig.sty submitte