Nature of yeasts present on grapes grown in south lndia andin their wines

Yeasts isolated from juice, fermenting juice and wines made from the varieties Bangalore Blue and Black Champa feil into 6 genera namely Kloeckera, Torulopsis, Candida, Rhodotorula, Cryptococcus and Saccharomyces.Kloeckera apiculata and Torulopsis spp. were predominant during initial stages of fermentation. Torulopsis spp., Saccharomyces chevalieri and S. cerevisiae were present in the wine.This is the first report on the isolation of Kloeckera apiculata, Saccharomyces chevalieri, Torulopsis spp., Rhodotorula rubra and Cryptococcus albidus var. albidus from grape musts from India.Die Hefenflora südindischer Trauben und ihrer WeineDie aus Traubensaft, gärendem Most und Wein der Rebsorten Bangalore Blue und Black Champa isolierten Hefen gehörten 6 Gattungen an, nämlich Kloeckera, Torulopsis, Candida, Rhodotorula, Cryptococcus und Saccharomyces. Während der frühen Gärungsphasen überwogen Kloeckera apiculata und Torulopsis spp.; im Wein waren Torulopsis spp., Saccharomyces chevalieri und S. cerevisiae vorhanden. Kloeckera apiculata, Saccharomyces chevalieri, Torulopsis spp., Rhodotorula rubra und Cryptococcus albidus var. albidus wurden aus indischen Traubenmosten erstmals isoliert

Does complexity deter customer‐focus?

Economic models suggest that firms use a simple cost‐benefit calculation to evaluate customer requests for new product features, but an extensive organizational literature shows the decision to implement innovation is more nuanced. We address this theoretical tension by studying how firms respond to customer requests for incremental product innovations, and how these responses change when the requested innovation is complex. Using large sample empirical analyses combined with detailed qualitative data drawn from interviews, we find considerable variance in the relationship between customer demands, complexity, and investments in incremental innovations. The qualitative study revealed the importance of organization structures, competitive pressures, and incentives for resource allocation processes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/89508/1/947_ftp.pd

INVESTIGATION OF BIOGENIC SILVER NANOPARTICLES GREEN SYNTHESIZED FROM CARICA PAPAYA

Objective: This work mainly focuses on the investigation of optical, structural and morphological characteristics of Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) synthesized using Papaya (Carica Papaya) leaf extract and to study the mechanisms involved in the formation.Methods: Ag-NPs were synthesized using colloidal method from silver nitrate using aqueous leaf extract of Papaya as reducing agent. Spectral analysis of Ag-NPs was done using UV-Vis spectroscopy and optical characteristics were studied. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis was done to investigate the mechanisms involved in the reaction. A detailed study of structural and morphological properties was done using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).Results: Spherical shaped Ag-NPs of Face Centered Cubic (FCC) structure were formed and the average particle size was in the range 25-35 nm.Conclusion: Papaya is a good reducing agent for the synthesis of Ag-NPs. Since it is a plant with medicinal values, thus synthesized Ag-NPs can be used for medicinal implications.Â

SAGE: A 2-D self-adaptive grid evolution code and its application in computational fluid dynamics

SAGE is a user-friendly, highly efficient, two-dimensional self-adaptive grid code based on Nakahashi and Deiwert's variational principles method. Grid points are redistributed into regions of high flowfield gradients while maintaining smoothness and orthogonality of the grid. Efficiency is obtained by splitting the adaption into 2 directions and applying one-sided torsion control, thus producing a 1-D elliptic system that can be solved as a set of tridiagonal equations

Adsorption Properties of Ce5(BDC)7.5(DMF)4 MOF

In this article we report on the spectroscopic and adsorptive studies done on Ce(III)-based MOF possessing, upon desolvation, open metal sites, and a discrete surface area. The Ce-based MOF was synthesized from terephthalic acid linker (H2BDC) and Ce3+ cations by the classical solvothermal method. Preliminary powder X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the obtained materials corresponded to the ones reported by other authors. Spectroscopic techniques, such as XAS and in situ FTIR with probe molecules were used. In situ FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the successful removal of DMF molecules within the pore system at temperatures above 250 \ub0C. Moreover, the use of CO as a probe molecule evidenced the presence of a Ce3+ open metal sites. Detailed volumetric and calorimetric CO2 adsorption studies are also reported

How Do Firms Appropriate Value from Employees with Transferable Skills? A Study of the Appropriation Puzzle in Actively Managed Mutual Funds

How do firms benefit from employees with transferable skills? The prevailing view is that labor market frictions that impede employee mobility or strategies that constrain skill transferability are the primary instruments for firms to appropriate value from human capital. The empirical evidence, however, suggests that employees continue to be mobile, and firms pay premiums to attract and retain employees with transferable skills. To reconcile theory with data, we use data from the mutual-fund industry, where it is widely documented that active fund managers appropriate more value than they generate. We develop a theory of positive externalities stemming from transferable human capital that we argue accrue mostly to the firm, and provide evidence of such externalities in the mutual fund context. Empirically, we decompose the skills of mutual-fund managers into task- and firm-specific components, and argue that managers with taskspecific skills generate positive externalities at the firm level that are not reflected in their performance measured at the fund level. We advance and test empirical hypotheses on the existence of these positive unmeasured externalities by examining whether managers with task-specific skills are more likely to be associated with activities such as mentoring, increased risk taking, and generating spillovers at the firm level. Our results show that managers with task-specific skills are indeed associated with greater positive externalities, compared with managers with firm-specific skills. We discuss the implications of our results for the literature on human-capital value creation and appropriation

Fight or flight? Market positions, submarket interdependencies, and strategic responses to entry threats

This paper examines how incumbent firms’ market positions and interdependencies across their submarkets influence their response to the threat of entry. We adapt a model of capacity deterrence to show that because premium and low-cost incumbents face different demand functions and operating costs, they experience different tradeoffs between ignoring, deterring, and accommodating threatened entry. In addition, the interdependencies within and between a premium incumbent’s submarkets influence its response. Using data on incumbent responses to entry threats from Southwest Airlines between 2003 and 2012, we find that (1) full-service incumbents expanded capacity while low-cost incumbents did not respond significantly, and (2) full-service incumbents expanded capacity less aggressively in submarkets that had less substitutable customer segments and submarkets that were more complementary with their unthreatened submarkets

Platform governance in the presence of within-complementor interdependencies: evidence from the rideshare industry

Existing studies suggest that platform access restrictions may cause restricted complementors to switch to competing platforms, which will increase complement quantity on competing platforms. We re-examine this prediction by accounting for the impact of economies of scope on complementor responses to platform access restriction. We argue that restricting a complementor’s access on a platform may prevent it from achieving economies of scope from multi-homing, thereby incentivizing it to abandon both the restricted and (unrestricted) competing platforms. Using rideshare data in New York City, we compare the numbers of trips made by Lyft and Uber drivers, respectively, before and after Lyft restricted drivers’ access on its platform. We find that Lyft’s access restriction reduced trip numbers not only on the Lyft platform but also on the Uber platform. In addition, both Lyft’s and Uber’s trip numbers decreased not only during the restricted low-demand periods (e.g., non-rush hours) but also during the unrestricted high-demand periods (e.g., rush hours). In contrast, after a substantial number of multi-homing drivers left both platforms following Lyft’s access restriction, a subsequent access restriction by Uber led to an increase in trip numbers on the Lyft platform. These results highlight the importance of accounting for interdependencies across complementor activities when designing platform governance policies

NASA's Advanced TPS Materials and Technology Development: Multi-Functional Materials and Systems for Space Exploration

NASA's future missions will be more demanding. They require materials to be mass efficient, robust, multi-functional, scalable and able to be integrated with other subsystems to enable innovative missions to accomplish future science missions. Thermal protection systems and materials (TPSM) are critical for the robotic and human exploration of the solar system when it involves entry. TPSM is a single string system with no back-up. Mass efficiency and robustness are required. Integration of TPSM with the aeroshell is both a challenge and an opportunity. Since 2010, NASA's Space Technology Mission Directorate has invested in innovative new materials and systems across a spectrum of game changing technologies. In this keynote address, we plan to highlight and present our successful approaches utilized in developing four different materials and system technologies that use innovative new manufacturing techniques to meet mission needs. 3-D weaving and felt manufacturing allowed us to successfully propose new ways of addressing TPSM challenges. In the 3-D MAT project, we developed and delivered a multi-functional TPS materials solution, in under three years that is an enabler for Lunar Capable Orion Spacecraft. Under the HEEET project, we are developing a robust heat-shield that can withstand extreme entry conditions, both thermally and mechanically, for entry at Venus, Saturn or higher speed sample return missions. The improved efficiency of HEEET allows science missions entry at much reduced G'loads enabling delicate science instruments to be used. The ADEPT concept is a foldable and deployable entry system and the critical component is a multi-functional fabric that is foldable and deployable and also functions as a mechanical aeroshell and a TPS. The fourth technology we will highlight involves felt to address integration challenges of rigid ablative system such as PICA that was used on MSL. The felt technology allows us to develop a compliant TPS for easy integration. The above four technology developments have focused on mission infusion as the success criteria. These technologies are in different stages of mission infusion. These innovations have led to new mission concepts to be proposed in the future. In our keynote address we will present approaches we have employed throughout the project to create the bridge to transition from low TRL to mission infusion and to overcome the traditional TRL valley of death

The dynamics of related diversification: Evidence from the health insurance industry following the affordable care act

Research Summary We provide a theory of when relatedness will encourage both diversifying entry and post-entry exit. Our formal model reveals two channels through which resource sharing in combination with firm capabilities affects diversifying entry and post-entry exit. Facing business opportunities in a new segment, low capability firms from a more related segment expect to benefit from more synergies and are therefore more likely to enter than firms with similar capability but from less related segments. Post entry, unfavorable shocks in the new segment tighten the survival criteria and drive some more related but low capability firms out. These predictions are supported using data on U.S. health insurance firms' entry into and exit from the Affordable Care Act market from 2013 to 2017. Managerial Summary When would factors that favor related diversifiers' entry into a new business segment also encourage their exit post-entry? Using data on U.S. health insurance firms' entry into and exit from the Affordable Care Act (ACA) market from 2013 to 2017, we find that more related diversifiers (i.e., insurers offering Medicaid), especially the low capability ones, are more likely to enter ACA. However, facing cost shocks in the new segment, more related diversifiers, especially the low capability ones, are more likely to exit than less related diversifiers (i.e., insurers offering no Medicaid). This is consistent with our formal model that predicts a selection at entry that favors related diversifiers due to expected synergies and an adverse selection post-entry against low capability related diversifiers