Frequency and Spatial Domains Adaptive-based Enhancement Technique for Thermal Infrared Images

Low contrast and noisy image limits the amount of information conveyed to the user. With the proliferation of digital imagery and computer interface between man-and-machine, it is now viable to consider digital enhancement in the image before presenting it to the user, thus increasing the information throughput. With better contrast, target detection and discrimination can be improved. The paper presents a sequence of filtering operations in frequency and spatial domains to improve the quality of the thermal infrared (IR) images. Basically, two filters – homomorphic filter followed by adaptive Gaussian filter are applied to improve the quality of the thermal IR images. We have systematically evaluated the algorithm on a variety of images and carefully compared it with the techniques presented in the literature. We performed an evaluation of three filter banks such as homomorphic, Gaussian 5×5 and the proposed method, and we have seen that the proposed method yields optimal PSNR for all the thermal images. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is efficient for enhancement of thermal IR images.Defence Science Journal, Vol. 64, No. 5, September 2014, pp.451-457, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.64.687

Use of a new cluster ansatz to treat strong relaxation and correlation effects: a direct method for energy differences

We have presented in this paper a new cluster Ansatz for the wave operator for open-shell and/or quasidegenerate states, which takes care of strong relaxation and correlation effects in a compact and efficient manner. This Ansatz allows contraction among the various cluster operators via spectator orbitals, accompanied by suitable combinatorial factors. Since both the orbital and the correlation relaxations are treated on the same footing, it allows us to develop a very useful direct method for energy differences for open shell states relative to a closed-shell ground state, where the total charge for the two states may differ. We have discussed a new spin-free coupled cluster (CC) based direct method and illustrated its performance by evaluating electron affinity of a neutral doublet radical. We have also indicated how the scope of the theory can be extended to compute the state energies of simple open shell configurations as well. In that case, the CC equations terminate after the quartic power of cluster operators - exactly as in the closed-shell situation, which is not the case for the current methods

Evaluation of combustion models for high speed H<SUB>2</SUB>/air confined mixing layer using DNS data

The capability of empirical combustion models to predict the mean reaction rate for supersonic mixing layer is evaluated by using the stored time series data of direct numerical simulations (DNS). The confined supersonic H2/air mixing layer-the prototype representation of the scramjet combustor flow field-is taken as the test case. The reaction rate profiles of various species obtained from the DNS results are compared with the reaction rate profiles obtained from these combustion models. The combustion models based on fast chemistry approximation are seen to predict the peak mean reaction rate much higher (about two orders of magnitude) compared to DNS data, particularly in the mixing layer region where the reaction is taking place. The Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) based combustion models for finite rate chemistry suggested by Magnussen and coworkers predict the mean reaction rate of all the major and minor species extremely well. The EDC model with detailed full chemistry (FC) and finite rate single-step chemistry (SSC) captures all essential features of reaction rate profile distribution with similar order of magnitude peak values, although a thinner reaction zone is predicted. The comparisons of mean reaction rates with different hydrogen and air stream temperatures reveal that the model can predict the mean reaction rate for practical scramjet combustor flow field. The model is also seen to predict the mean reaction rate well at a location close to the occurrence of ignition. A modification of this model allowing a nonunity Schmidt number, a feature very important for the flow involving hydrogen, shows little improvement in the prediction of the reaction rates. It is inferred that for hypervelocity reactive flows for which heat release due to chemistry is counteracted by significant enthalpy change due to gas dynamics, the finite rate EDC model with fine tuning for reaction zone width may be adequate to describe full chemistry effect

Spring warming of the eastern Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal from buoy data

Observations from moored buoys during spring of 1998-2000 suggest that the warming of the mixed layer (~20 m deep) of the north Indian Ocean warm pool is a response to net surface heat flux Qnet (~100 W m-2) minus penetrative solar radiation Qpen (~45 W m-2). A residual cooling due to vertical mixing and advection is indirectly estimated to be about 25 W m-2. The rate of warming due to typical values of Qnet minus Qpen is not very sensitive to the depth of the mixed layer if it lies between 10 m and 30 m

Coherent Change Detection with COSMO SkyMed Data-experimental Results

Change detection is a technique in which we try to find changes between two acquisitions. These acquisitions can be from different platforms and sensors. Acquisition from satellite using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is of immense interest to military applications. Satellite has the ability to peep into the enemy territory while SAR has the capability of day and night operations, being an active sensor. Coherent change detection (CCD) can be used to detect minute changes between two images. This paper presents the coherent change detection experimental studies using COSMO SkyMed space borne data. It has been demonstrated that subtle changes caused by the vehicle movement can be detected using phase characteristic of the SAR data.Defence Science Journal, 2013, 63(1), pp.69-73, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.63.376

Medicinal uses and pharmacological properties of Moringa oleifera

Moringa oleifera Lam [Moringaceae] is a highly valued plant, distributed in many countries of the tropics and subtropics. It has an impressive range of medicinal uses with high nutritional value. Different parts of this plant contain a profile of important minerals, and are a good source of protein, vitamins, β -carotene, aminoacids and various phenolics. In addition to its compelling water purifying powers and high nutritional value, M. oleifera is very important for its medicinal value. Various parts of this plant such as the leaves, roots, seed, bark, fruit, flowers and immature pods act as cardiac and circulatory stimulants, possess anitumor, antipyretic, antiepileptic, antiinflammatory, antiulcer, antispasmodic, diuretic, antihypertensive, cholesterol lowering, antioxidant, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antibacterial and antifungal activities, and are being employed for the treatment of different ailments in the indigenous system of medicine. This review focuses on the detailed phytochemical composition, medicinal uses, along with pharmacological properties of different parts of this multipurpose tree.Keywords: Moringa oleifera; β –carotene; anitumo