266 research outputs found
A New Relativistic Orthogonal States Quantum Key Distribution Protocol
We introduce a new relativistic orthogonal states quantum key distribution
protocol which leverages the properties of both quantum mechanics and special
relativity to securely encode multiple bits onto the spatio-temporal modes of a
single photon. If the protocol is implemented using a single photon source, it
can have a key generation rate faster than the repetition rate of the source,
enabling faster secure communication than is possible with existing protocols.
Further, we provide a proof that the protocol is secure and give a method of
implementing the protocol using line-of-sight and fiber optic channels.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures. To appear in QIC Vol. 14 No. 13 & 14, pp.
1081-108
Black Holes and Random Matrices
We argue that the late time behavior of horizon fluctuations in large anti-de
Sitter (AdS) black holes is governed by the random matrix dynamics
characteristic of quantum chaotic systems. Our main tool is the
Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model, which we use as a simple model of a black hole.
We use an analytically continued partition function as well
as correlation functions as diagnostics. Using numerical techniques we
establish random matrix behavior at late times. We determine the early time
behavior exactly in a double scaling limit, giving us a plausible estimate for
the crossover time to random matrix behavior. We use these ideas to formulate a
conjecture about general large AdS black holes, like those dual to 4D
super-Yang-Mills theory, giving a provisional estimate of the crossover time.
We make some preliminary comments about challenges to understanding the late
time dynamics from a bulk point of view.Comment: 73 pages, 15 figures, minor errors correcte
Stigma and knowledge of Hepatitis B virus in an urban Vietnamese population compared to that of a Vietnamese immigrant community in Chicago
Management of the Kidney Transplant Patient with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection
Chronic Hepatitis C (HCV) infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease. Renal transplantation confers a survival advantage in HCV-infected patients. Renal transplant candidates with serologic evidence of HCV infection should undergo a liver biopsy to assess for fibrosis and cirrhosis. Patients with Metavir fibrosis score ≤3 and compensated cirrhosis should be evaluated for interferon-based therapy. Achievement of sustained virological response (SVR) may reduce the risks for both posttransplantation hepatic and extrahepatic complications such as de novo or recurrent glomerulonephritis associated with HCV. Patients who cannot achieve SVR and have no live kidney donor may be considered for HCV-positive kidneys. Interferon should be avoided after kidney transplant except for treatment of life-threatening liver injury, such as fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis. Early detection, prevention, and treatment of complications due to chronic HCV infection may improve the outcomes of kidney transplant recipients with chronic HCV infection
Management of the Kidney Transplant Patient with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection
Chronic Hepatitis C (HCV) infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease. Renal transplantation confers a survival advantage in HCV-infected patients. Renal transplant candidates with serologic evidence of HCV infection should undergo a liver biopsy to assess for fibrosis and cirrhosis. Patients with Metavir fibrosis score ≤3 and compensated cirrhosis should be evaluated for interferon-based therapy. Achievement of sustained virological response (SVR) may reduce the risks for both posttransplantation hepatic and extrahepatic complications such as de novo or recurrent glomerulonephritis associated with HCV. Patients who cannot achieve SVR and have no live kidney donor may be considered for HCV-positive kidneys. Interferon should be avoided after kidney transplant except for treatment of life-threatening liver injury, such as fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis. Early detection, prevention, and treatment of complications due to chronic HCV infection may improve the outcomes of kidney transplant recipients with chronic HCV infection
A staggered-mesh finite-difference numerical method for solving the transport equations in low pressure rf glow discharges
A numerical model of a low pressure parallel plate rf glow discharge is presented based on a self-consistent formulation of the energy-momentum conservation equations for electrons, the continuity equations for both electrons and ions, and Poisson's equation. Various explicit finite-difference numerical methods are discussed in terms of stability and overshoot properties. Stability considerations for the numerical method that was implemented, including the initial and the boundary conditions, are examined. Results from a large-signal simulation of a low pressure argon rf glow discharge are presented.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/27230/1/0000237.pd
Emergent quantum state designs from individual many-body wavefunctions
Quantum chaos in many-body systems provides a bridge between statistical and
quantum physics with strong predictive power. This framework is valuable for
analyzing properties of complex quantum systems such as energy spectra and the
dynamics of thermalization. While contemporary methods in quantum chaos often
rely on random ensembles of quantum states and Hamiltonians, this is not
reflective of most real-world systems. In this paper, we introduce a new
perspective: across a wide range of examples, a single non-random quantum state
is shown to encode universal and highly random quantum state ensembles. We
characterize these ensembles using the notion of quantum state -designs from
quantum information theory and investigate their universality using a
combination of analytic and numerical techniques. In particular, we establish
that -designs arise naturally from generic states as well as individual
states associated with strongly interacting, time-independent Hamiltonian
dynamics. Our results offer a new approach for studying quantum chaos and
provide a practical method for sampling approximately uniformly random states;
the latter has wide-ranging applications in quantum information science from
tomography to benchmarking.Comment: 7+19 pages, 6 figure
Focal, remote-controlled, chronic chemical modulation of brain microstructures
Direct delivery of fluid to brain parenchyma is critical in both research and clinical settings. This is usually accomplished through acutely inserted cannulas. This technique, however, results in backflow and significant dispersion away from the infusion site, offering little spatial or temporal control in delivering fluid. We present an implantable, MRI-compatible, remotely controlled drug delivery system for minimally invasive interfacing with brain microstructures in freely moving animals. We show that infusions through acutely inserted needles target a region more than twofold larger than that of identical infusions through chronically implanted probes due to reflux and backflow. We characterize the dynamics of in vivo infusions using positron emission tomography techniques. Volumes as small as 167 nL of copper-64 and fludeoxyglucose labeled agents are quantified. We further demonstrate the importance of precise drug volume dosing to neural structures to elicit behavioral effects reliably. Selective modulation of the substantia nigra, a critical node in basal ganglia circuitry, via muscimol infusion induces behavioral changes in a volume-dependent manner, even when the total dose remains constant. Chronic device viability is confirmed up to 1-y implantation in rats. This technology could potentially enable precise investigation of neurological disease pathology in preclinical models, and more efficacious treatment in human patients. Keywords: brain; drug delivery; substantia nigra; neural implant; PETNational Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant R01 EB016101)National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (U.S.) (Grant R01 EB016101)National Cancer Institute (U.S.) (Grant P30-CA14051
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