Space for cooking in housing architecture

The preparation and cooking of food is part of everyday life from the moment in which man began to cook meat on fire; thus a process has begun that has led the space where these functions are carried out to becoming one of the most significant environments in the house. With the passing of time and changing needs, the kitchen has undergone substantial changes both in terms of its location and importance within the house, and for its furnishings and equipment

Declinations of prison from past to future

Over the centuries prisons have been and still are the place where people lost their personal freedom. In the past, imprisonment had a strictly punitive character: it was the place where prisoners served their punishment, often in inhuman conditions precisely because guilty. In more recent times, legislators achieved improvements for the condition of inmates, transforming the prison into a place of rehabilitation leading to the reintegration into civil society. Many complexes have lost their original function over time: some have become places of memory of a past that should not be forgotten, others have been converted to new uses compatible with the original structure

The Bathroom in Housing Architecture: from a place of personal hygiene to a place of well-being

In addition to personal hygiene, bathrooms also have an important function at the emotional level when it comes to taking time out, indulging and relaxing. Planners are increasingly required to deal with customer desires and offer personalised solutions, in addition to knowing about the technical requirements and movement areas of sanitary facilities. Besides producing well designed floor plans, experts need to take into account sustainability and accessibility, as well as materials, light, colour, fixtures and fittings which have seen a big evolution during the year

Water in Architetture, Architecture of Water

Water is one of the fundamental resources for the survival of humanity and during the centuries in all the world it became integral part of building and garden architecture. For this reason, starting from general considerations of our countries of origin, we wanted to collect in this article some of the most representative examples of water treatment all over the world in three different fields: the outdoor spaces, the indoor spaces and the in-between spaces, both public and private, to mark the role of water in the designing of architectural process in the last 25 years and proposals for the future not so far

Corner Structure of Four-Dimensional General Relativity in the Coframe Formalism

This note describes a local Poisson structure (up to homotopy) associated with corners in four-dimensional gravity in the coframe (Palatini–Cartan) formalism. This is achieved through the use of the BFV formalism. The corner structure contains in particular an Atiyah algebroid that couples the internal symmetries to diffeomorphisms. The relation with BF theory is also described

Architecture, science and exhibit: yesterday and today

Architecture and science have always been interrelated for educational purposes. For this reason the course of Interior Architecture and Exhibit Design at Master of Science in Architecture Construction City of Politecnico di Torino, starting from the knowledge of the role of the Academy and its scientific content, proposed new and current forms of exhibits and communication in respect of the courtly architecture that is called to emphasize with its language the authority and perennial values of the sciences

Study of the isotropic contribution to the analysis of photoelectron diffraction experiments at the ALOISA beamline

The angular distribution of the intensity in photoemission experiments is affected by electron diffraction patterns and by a smoothly varying ISO contribution originated by both intrumental details and physical properties of the samples. The origin of the various contributions to the ISO component has been identified since many years. Nonetheless in this work we present original developement of the ED analysis, which arises from the evolution of instrumental performance, in terms of analyzers positioning and angular resolution, as well as collimation and size of X-ray beams in third generation synchrotron sources. The analytical treatement of the instrumental factors is presented in detail for the end station of the ALOISA beamline (Trieste Synchrotron), where a wide variety of scattering geometries is available for ED experiments. We present here the basic formulae and their application to experimental data taken on the Fe/Cu3Au(001) system in order to highlight the role of the various parameters included in the distribution function. A specific model for the surface illumination has been developed as well as the overlayer thickness and surface roughness have been considered.Comment: RevTex, nine pages with five eps figures; to be published in J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Pheno

Gravitational Constraints on a Lightlike boundary

We analyse the boundary structure of General Relativity in the coframe formalism in the case of a lightlike boundary, i.e., when the restriction of the induced Lorentzian metric to the boundary is degenerate. We describe the associated reduced phase space in terms of constraints on the symplectic space of boundary fields. We explicitly compute the Poisson brackets of the constraints and identify the first- and second-class ones. In particular, in the 3+1 dimensional case, we show that the reduced phase space has two local degrees of freedom, instead of the usual four in the non-degenerate case.Comment: 42 pages, accepted for publication in Ann. Henri Poincar\'e. Improved version, added section about independence of the structure from the choice