Declinations of prison from past to future

Over the centuries prisons have been and still are the place where people lost their personal freedom. In the past, imprisonment had a strictly punitive character: it was the place where prisoners served their punishment, often in inhuman conditions precisely because guilty. In more recent times, legislators achieved improvements for the condition of inmates, transforming the prison into a place of rehabilitation leading to the reintegration into civil society. Many complexes have lost their original function over time: some have become places of memory of a past that should not be forgotten, others have been converted to new uses compatible with the original structure

Space for cooking in housing architecture

The preparation and cooking of food is part of everyday life from the moment in which man began to cook meat on fire; thus a process has begun that has led the space where these functions are carried out to becoming one of the most significant environments in the house. With the passing of time and changing needs, the kitchen has undergone substantial changes both in terms of its location and importance within the house, and for its furnishings and equipment

Water in Architetture, Architecture of Water

Water is one of the fundamental resources for the survival of humanity and during the centuries in all the world it became integral part of building and garden architecture. For this reason, starting from general considerations of our countries of origin, we wanted to collect in this article some of the most representative examples of water treatment all over the world in three different fields: the outdoor spaces, the indoor spaces and the in-between spaces, both public and private, to mark the role of water in the designing of architectural process in the last 25 years and proposals for the future not so far

Corner Structure of Four-Dimensional General Relativity in the Coframe Formalism

This note describes a local Poisson structure (up to homotopy) associated with corners in four-dimensional gravity in the coframe (Palatini–Cartan) formalism. This is achieved through the use of the BFV formalism. The corner structure contains in particular an Atiyah algebroid that couples the internal symmetries to diffeomorphisms. The relation with BF theory is also described

Study of the isotropic contribution to the analysis of photoelectron diffraction experiments at the ALOISA beamline

The angular distribution of the intensity in photoemission experiments is affected by electron diffraction patterns and by a smoothly varying ISO contribution originated by both intrumental details and physical properties of the samples. The origin of the various contributions to the ISO component has been identified since many years. Nonetheless in this work we present original developement of the ED analysis, which arises from the evolution of instrumental performance, in terms of analyzers positioning and angular resolution, as well as collimation and size of X-ray beams in third generation synchrotron sources. The analytical treatement of the instrumental factors is presented in detail for the end station of the ALOISA beamline (Trieste Synchrotron), where a wide variety of scattering geometries is available for ED experiments. We present here the basic formulae and their application to experimental data taken on the Fe/Cu3Au(001) system in order to highlight the role of the various parameters included in the distribution function. A specific model for the surface illumination has been developed as well as the overlayer thickness and surface roughness have been considered.Comment: RevTex, nine pages with five eps figures; to be published in J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Pheno

Architecture, science and exhibit: yesterday and today

Architecture and science have always been interrelated for educational purposes. For this reason the course of Interior Architecture and Exhibit Design at Master of Science in Architecture Construction City of Politecnico di Torino, starting from the knowledge of the role of the Academy and its scientific content, proposed new and current forms of exhibits and communication in respect of the courtly architecture that is called to emphasize with its language the authority and perennial values of the sciences

Local law-of-the-wall in complex topography: a confirmation from wind tunnel experiments

It is well known that in a neutrally-stratified turbulent flow in a deep constant-stress layer above a flat surface, the variation of the mean velocity with respect to the distance from the surface obeys the logarithmic law (the so-called ``law-of-the-wall''). More recently, the same logarithmic law has been found also in the presence of non flat surfaces. It governs the dynamics of the mean velocity (i.e. all the smaller scales are averaged out) and involves renormalized effective parameters. Recent numerical simulations analyzed by the authors of the present Letter show that a more intrinsic logarithmic shape actually takes place also at smaller scales. Such a generalized law-of-the-wall involves effective parameters smoothly depending on the position along the underlying topography. Here, we present wind tunnel experimental evidence confirming and corroborating this new-found property. New results and their physical interpretation are also presented and discussed.Comment: 9 pages, (Latex), 4 figure