32 research outputs found
Oral administration of bovine milk-derived extracellular vesicles induces senescence in the primary tumor but accelerates cancer metastasis
The concept that extracellular vesicles (EVs) from the diet can be absorbed by the intestinal tract of the consuming organism, be bioavailable in various organs, and in-turn exert phenotypic changes is highly debatable. Here, we isolate EVs from both raw and commercial bovine milk and characterize them by electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, western blotting, quantitative proteomics and small RNA sequencing analysis. Orally administered bovine milk-derived EVs survive the harsh degrading conditions of the gut, in mice, and is subsequently detected in multiple organs. Milk-derived EVs orally administered to mice implanted with colorectal and breast cancer cells reduce the primary tumor burden. Intriguingly, despite the reduction in primary tumor growth, milk-derived EVs accelerate metastasis in breast and pancreatic cancer mouse models. Proteomic and biochemical analysis reveal the induction of senescence and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer cells upon treatment with milk-derived EVs. Timing of EV administration is critical as oral administration after resection of the primary tumor reverses the pro-metastatic effects of milk-derived EVs in breast cancer models. Taken together, our study provides context-based and opposing roles of milk-derived EVs as metastasis inducers and suppressors
Increased number of circulating exosomes and their microRNA cargos are potential novel biomarkers in alcoholic hepatitis
Colorectal cancer atlas: An integrative resource for genomic and proteomic annotations from colorectal cancer cell lines and tissues
In order to advance our understanding of colorectal cancer (CRC) development and progression, biomedical researchers have generated large amounts of OMICS data from CRC patient samples and representative cell lines. However, these data are deposited in various repositories or in supplementary tables. A database which integrates data from heterogeneous resources and enables analysis of the multidimensional data sets, specifically pertaining to CRC is currently lacking. Here, we have developed Colorectal Cancer Atlas (http://www.colonatlas.org), an integrated web-based resource that catalogues the genomic and proteomic annotations identified in CRC tissues and cell lines. The data catalogued to-date include sequence variations as well as quantitative and non-quantitative protein expression data. The database enables the analysis of these data in the context of signaling pathways, protein-protein interactions, Gene Ontology terms, protein domains and post-translational modifications. Currently, Colorectal Cancer Atlas contains data for >13 711 CRC tissues, >165 CRC cell lines, 62 251 protein identifications, >8.3 million MS/MS spectra, >18 410 genes with sequence variations (404 278 entries) and 351 pathways with sequence variants. Overall, Colorectal Cancer Atlas has been designed to serve as a central resource to facilitate research in CRC
Size-Exclusion Chromatography-based isolation minimally alters Extracellular Vesicles’ characteristics compared to precipitating agents
Extramitochondrial Assembly of Mitochondrial Targeting Signal Disrupted Mitochondrial Enzyme Aldehyde Dehydrogenase
Circular RNA in Exosomes
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel family
of non-coding endogenous RNAs discovered
in all eukaryotic cells and generated through a
particular mechanism of alternative splicing
called “back-splicing”. These molecules show
multiple functions, by acting as modulators of
gene and miRNA expression, and may have a
role in several biological processes, such as
cell proliferation and invasion with, tumour
development and progression, and in several
mechanisms underlying other diseases. Their
presence has been shown to be abundant in
several body fluids such as blood and saliva.
Based on their biogenesis mechanism, cir-
cRNAs may be categorized into five classes:
exonic circRNAs, intronic circRNAs, anti-
sense circRNAs, sense overlapping circRNAs
and intergenic circRNAs. Recently, the pres-
ence of circRNAs, in addition to that of miR-
NAs and long non-coding RNAs, has been
detected also in small extracellular vesicles
called exosomes. Investigating the presence
and expression levels of serum exosomal cir-
cRNAs could allow us, in future, to discrimi-
nate cancer patients from healthy individuals,identifying new potential exosome-based can-
cer biomarkers.
In this chapter, we briefly will describe the
major features and functions of exosomal cir-
cRNAs, discussing their potential role as
molecular biomarkers for diagnosis, progno-
sis and monitoring of complex diseases,
including cancer