22 research outputs found
Antarctic polar vortex dynamics in 2019 and 2020 under the influence of the subtropical stratosphere
The trend of strengthening of the Antarctic polar vortex in late spring and early summer (NovemberβDecember) has been observed in recent decades. A good example of this trend is the dynamics of the Antarctic polar vortex in 2020 when it existed until the last week of December. In 2019, conversely, on the contrary, an unusually early breakup of the polar vortex occurred, a minor sudden stratospheric warming was recorded. Strengthening (or weakening) of the Antarctic polar vortex occurs as a result of an increase (or decrease) in the stratospheric meridional temperature gradient under conditions of growth (or decline) in the temperature of the lower subtropical stratosphere. We considered the temperature variations in the lower subtropical stratosphere in the spring of 2019 and 2020 and the corresponding response of the Antarctic polar vortex. The dynamics of the Antarctic polar vortex in SeptemberβOctober 2019 and November 2020 was largely synchronized with the temperature changes in the lower subtropical stratosphere relative to climatological means. Using correlation analysis, we show that the Antarctic polar vortex dynamics in December is largely due to the temperature changes in the lower subtropical stratosphere that occurred in the second half of November, which manifested itself in 2020.The trend of strengthening of the Antarctic polar vortex in late spring and early summer (NovemberβDecember) has been observed in recent decades. A good example of this trend is the dynamics of the Antarctic polar vortex in 2020 when it existed until the last week of December. In 2019, conversely, on the contrary, an unusually early breakup of the polar vortex occurred, a minor sudden stratospheric warming was recorded. Strengthening (or weakening) of the Antarctic polar vortex occurs as a result of an increase (or decrease) in the stratospheric meridional temperature gradient under conditions of growth (or decline) in the temperature of the lower subtropical stratosphere. We considered the temperature variations in the lower subtropical stratosphere in the spring of 2019 and 2020 and the corresponding response of the Antarctic polar vortex. The dynamics of the Antarctic polar vortex in SeptemberβOctober 2019 and November 2020 was largely synchronized with the temperature changes in the lower subtropical stratosphere relative to climatological means. Using correlation analysis, we show that the Antarctic polar vortex dynamics in December is largely due to the temperature changes in the lower subtropical stratosphere that occurred in the second half of November, which manifested itself in 2020
ΠΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ XVIIβXVIII Π²Π². ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»Π° ΠΠΎΠΆΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π’Π΅Π»Π° Π² ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅
During archaeological excavation in the territory of the Corpus Christi Church in Nesvizh, the regular burials dated to the 17thβ18th centuries were discovered. The genetic material extracted from the bones of seven unidentified individuals was analyzed using the forensic genetics approaches, including STR profiling and DNA phenotyping. The genetic examination revealed that the remains of three samples (#1, #2, #6) belonged to women, and the four others (#3, #4, #5, and #7) belonged to men. Autosomal STR-data and Y-chromosomal profiles were obtained for five samples. The kinship analysis excluded that woman #1 and men #3, #4, #5, #7 were first-degree relatives. According to the Y-STR profiles, men #3, #4, #7 referred to the haplogroup R1a, the haplotype of individual #5 corresponded to I2. The both haplogroups are widely represented in Eastern Europe, which, with a high degree of probability, suggests the Slavic origin of the individuals under investigation. To predict eye and hair color, we used the HIrisPlex DNA phenotyping system. The analysis gave the satisfactory results for woman #1 and man #7. In correspondence to the allelic variants of the 24 SNP system, woman #1 had an intermediate type of iris pigmentation and dark blond hair (p = 0.635) with dark shade (0.639), light skin tone, low tendency to sunburn, and a high probability of freckles and pigmented spots of the skin. For male #7, the HIrisPlex model predicted blue eye color with a high probability (p = 0.915), as well as blond hair color (p = 0.915) and light hair color shade (p = 0.962). Our data allow us to conclude that the unknown individuals under investigation have significant genetical and phenotypical similarity with the modern Belarusian population.Π Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π°ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΊ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»Π° ΠΠΎΠΆΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π’Π΅Π»Π° Π² ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ XVIIβXVIII Π²Π². ΠΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ·Ρ ΠΈ ΠΠΠ-ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² β 1, 2 ΠΈ 6 ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌ, ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² β 3, 4, 5 ΠΈ 7 β ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌ. Π Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ STR ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Y-Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠΠ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ β 1 ΠΈ ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ β 3, 4, 5 ΠΈ 7. Π‘ΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Y-STR ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΌ ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½Ρ β 3, 4, 7 ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π³Π°ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ R1a, Π³Π°ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π° β 5 ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π³Π°ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ I2, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ»Π°Π²ΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ HIrisPlex, Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ β 1 ΠΈ ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½Ρ β 7. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π°Π»Π»Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² 24 SNP ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Ρ ΡΠ»Π°Π²ΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΠΈΡ
Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ: Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Π° β 1 ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»Π° Π·Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅ Π³Π»Π°Π·Π°, ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΡΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ; ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½Π° β 7 ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ±ΡΠΌΠΈ Π³Π»Π°Π·Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π‘ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ
ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΈΠ³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π³Π»Π°Π· Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² HERC2 ΠΈ OCA2
The human genetic phenotyping is one of the most intensely developing area of forensic genetics. Externally visible traits, including eye color, can be predicted by analyzing single nucleotide polymorphisms with a high predictive rate. We studied the polymorphisms rs12913832 and rs1800407 in the HERC2 and OCA2 genes, respectively, to evaluate its prognostic availability in relation to the iris pigmentation of the Belarusian population. For this, both eye images and DNA samples were collected from 314 individuals to analyze the key polymorphisms by the TaqMan assay. Our data confirmed a relevance of rs12913832:A>G and rs1800407:G>A in the prediction context. The highest values of the sensitivity (SE = 0.94) and the specificity (SP = 0.90) were obtained for rs12913832, demonstrating the high efficiency of this marker as a classifier of phenotypic groups. The presence of the ancestral dominant allele rs12913832-A causes a dark (brown) iris pigmentation, how- ever, the heterozygous state rs12913832:GA includes a range of mixed variants. The predictive value of rs1800407 for the genetic phenotyping is highly significant (SE = 0.98), but has a low specificity (SP = 0.14), thus rs1800407, not being an effective classifier, can be used as an auxiliary in the eye color predictive model. The analysis of a cumulative impact of the both poly- morphisms on the iris color variation shows their high prospects for the genetic phenotyping of the Belarusian population.ΠΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° β Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π»Π°Π· ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΠΠ. Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² rs12913832 ΠΈ rs1800407 Π² Π³Π΅Π½Π°Ρ
HERC2 ΠΈ ΠΠ‘A2 ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΈΠ³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π³Π»Π°Π· Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΉ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ Π² ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π³Π»Π°Π· rs12913832:A>G ΠΈ rs1800407:G>A. ΠΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ (SE = 0,94) ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ (SP = 0,90) Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ rs12913832, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ² ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ. ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»Π»Π΅Π»Ρ rs12913832-A ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΠ³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ rs12913832:GA Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌ rs1800407 Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ (SE = 0,98), ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ (SP = 0,14), ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅Ρ, Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° Π³Π»Π°Π·. ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π° ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΆΠΊΠΈ Π³Π»Π°Π· Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π» Π΄Π»Ρ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data