Reproduction biology of Penaeus merguiensis (banana prawn) emphesis of fecundity in coastal waters of Hormozgan Province, Iran

Penaeus merguiensis is the dominant species in coastal waters of Hormozgan province and approximately constitute 70% of the annual catch composition. Sex rate is analysis in natural population shows that the proportion of males to females is 1:1 and generally this proportion in carapace length is 28.6 and 25.7 mm more than other classes, which its peak is observed in 25.7 mm length class. Also proportion of males to females in May to December and April to May is more than other times which its peak is in December. The analysis of sexual maturation based on carapace length shows that LM50 for females of this species has followed the exponential equation and is equal to 32.8 mm (r^2 = 90%). Minimum and maximum of absolute fecundity of this species with 20.7-31.5 mm C.L. are and 11300 and 14400 eggs respectively. This analysis of relative fecundity of this type showed that the relationship between carapace length and number of eggs was a type of poweral equation (F= 0.1208 C.L 3.8, r^2 = 97%), however this relationship between total length (T.L) and wet weight (W) was F = 0.0002 T.L 7.1 (r^2= 0.68) and F= 0.1942 W 4.02 (r^2=0.58), respectively, which showed the fecundity has 0.1942 W (r more correlation with the carapace length

Perfect transfer of coherent state-based qubits via coupled cavities

Motivated by the need for communication of coherent state-based qubits in quantum computers, we introduce a method for perfect transferring of an arbitrary superposition of coherent states between two distant nodes of a linear array of three semiconductor QDs. The QDs trapped in a system of coupled cavities. In this method, the field mode of the cavities, as the resource of transferring of quantum states, are only virtually excited which minimizes the effect of decoherence due to photon loss.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:quant-ph/0211055 by other author

Perfect routing of quantum information in regular cavity QED networks

We introduce a scheme for perfect routing of quantum states and entanglement in regular cavity QED networks. The couplings between the cavities are quasi-uniform and each cavity is doped with a two-level atom. Quasi-uniform couplings leads the system to evolve in invariant subspaces. Combination the evolutions of the system in its invariant subspaces with quite simple local operations on atoms in the networks, gives the perfect routing of quantum states and entanglement through the network. To provide the protocol be robust due to decoherence arisen from photon loss, the field mode of the cavities are only virtually excited

Spatial and temporal variations of phytoplankton population in coastal waters of Hormozgan province (Qeshm and Leangeh)

The relationship between diversity or density of phytoplankton and other marine fisheries sector is of great importance. The study of Spatial and temporal variability of distribution of phytoplankton communities in the coastal waters of the Northern Persian Gulf (QESHM, LENGEH) were studied during 2008. In this study, five groups (47 genera) of phytoplankton include, Bacillariophyceae, Dinophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Crysophyceae and Euglenophyceae were identified. The result showed that Diatoms group (79.6 %) and Rhizosolenia genus (45.5 %), contributed more towards the percentage composition of different groups and genera of phytoplankton at the during Study. The annual changes in relative abundance and Margalef, Shannon, pielu and Simpson indices were estimated, 0.58-2.56, 0.08-0.97, 0.23-2.6, 0.09-0.93 respectively. Multivariate analysis of variance showed that during the study, density and biological indicators of phytoplankton were significant between seasons (p<0.05). The spatial cluster analysis based on similarity coefficients obtained two clusters in the areas studied. According to the results obtained can be concluded that both the area of ecological conditions in ranks are instead moderate. Also, phytoplankton of diversity and richness is good

Reproduction and feeding of Buccaneer anchovy (Encrasicholina punctifer) from coastal waters of Qeshm Island, the Persian Gulf

Encrasicholina punctifer is one of the dominant small pelagic and economically most important fishes of the Persian Gulf, especially in Qeshm Island's coastal waters. Specimens of the fish were collected monthly from the fishing area in the coastal waters of Qeshm Island by random sampling method. Investigation on biological parameters of E. punctifer continued from April 2005 to March 2006. E. punctifer is mainly caught by double-boat purse seine in this area. Reproductive studies showed that maturity season of the fish occur in August. The sex ratio fulfill the theoretical 1:1 (P>0.05). L sub(M50) was attained at a total length of 84 mm. The absolute fecundity was estimated at 1217 plus or minus 331. We showed that the species is planktonivore, its diet consisted of a board spectrum of food types, but crustaceans dominated the food with copepods and their eggs, naplius and semi digested copepods constituting 54% of the diet. The next major food groups found in the diet of the fish were Cyanophyceae 21%, Bacillariophyceae 11%, fish egg and scale 6%, Dinophyceae 4%, with Euglenahyceae, Chiorophyta, Dinoflagellates and others items consisting only 4% of the diet. Analysis of monthly variation in the stomach fullness indicated that feeding intensity fluctuated throughout the year, with the highest value in winter. Vacuity Index indicated this species was of semi-voracious appetite fishes

Population dynamics of Sind Sardine, Sardinella sindensis, in coastal waters of Qeshm Island

Sardinella sindensis is economically the most important small pelagic fish species in the coastal area of Qeshm Island. Population dynamics of Sind sardinella from Qeshm Island coastal waters, during April 2005 to March 2006 were studied. The asymptotic length (Lx) and growth coefficient (K) were estimated at 178mm and 1.11yr ^(-1), respectively. The minimum and maximum T.L was recorded at 42 and 172mm respectively. The value of t0 was calculated at -0.17, and Tmax was estimated at 2.7 year. The Von Bertalanffy growth equation was obtained at L_(t) = 178^(1-exp(-1.1 l(t-(-0.17))) for this species. Total mortality (Z) rate was estimated to be 3.48yr ^(-1) (r ^(2) = 0.88) on length-converted catch curve method. The rates of natural mortality (M) based on Pauly's empirical equation, fishing mortality (F) and exploitation ratio were estimated at 1.13yr ^(-1), 2.35yr ^(-1) and 0.67, respectively. Four cohorts were distinguished annually based on Bhattacharya's method with mean length of 56, 89, 107 and 141mm. Maximum recruitment was in September at 18.62 percent. The length-weight relationship was determined as W= 0.000005 L ^(3.1399)

An investigation on aquatics diversity and density in marine artificial reef, Moloo area of Bandar-e-Lengeh, Persian Gulf

Over-fishing of marine resources has endangered many commercial fish species in the world. Setting up artificial reefs is now considered an important way for marine stocks and fishing enhancement. The present study was designed to monitor fish abundance and species changes around a small and newly established artificial reef system in Moloo area at Bandar- e-Lengeh during two years after installation in September 2005. The anificial reef includes three types of concrete structures arranged in a seven by three grid. Each cross point was considered as a sampling station and two other stations were also selected from two sides of the system as control points. The CPUE and frequency of fishes in transect 7 with a mixed structure showed significant differences with Other 6 transects (P0.01). Although there were differences CPUE averages of different seasons, the ANOVA test of difference significance was negative. The t-test showed no significant differences between the abundance and of different species per trap per day and seasons. The dominant species were Epinephelus coioides, Plectorhinchus shoran Diagrama pictum, Siganus javus

Reproduction and feeding biology of Sind Sardinella (Sardinella sindensis) from coastal waters of Qeshm Island, Persian Gulf

Sardinella sindensis is one of the dominant small pelagic fishes of Persian Gulf, especially in Qeshm Island's coastal waters. Investigation on some of the biological parameters of Sind Sardinella was carried out from April 2005 to March 2006. Sind Sardinella is economically the most important small pelagic fish species mainly caught by double boat purse seine in this area. Reproductive studies showed that peak maturity season occurred in May. The female to male ratio was calculated at 1:1.08 and chi-square analysis showed the difference in ratio was not statistically significant (P>0.05). LM_(50) is attained at a total length of 112 mm. The average absolute and relative fecundity were estimated to be 23396 (± 5337) and 739 (±117), respectively. This fish is planktonivore, and we found the diet of the species consisted of a broad spectrum of food types, but Crustaceans were dominant, comprising 44% of the food. The other major food groups and their share were Dinophyceae 17%, Bacillariophyceae 15%, Cyanophyceae 13%, fish eggs, larvae, scale 7% and finally Euglenahyceae, Chlorophyta, and others 4%. Analysis of monthly variation in the stomach fullness indicated that feeding intensity fluctuated throughout the year, with a high level during March and April. Vacuity index indicated this species is a semi-voracious fish

Population dynamic parameters of Thunnus tonggol (Bleeker, 1851) in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea

Length frequency data of the longtail tuna, Thunnus tonggol collected from October 2006 to September 2007 were analyzed for evaluation of the stock parameters. T. tonggol is mainly caught by gillnet method. Yearly tuna and tuna-like catches in Iran are of the order of 174,234 mt, close to 46% of which are longtail tuna. The VBG parameters for longtail tuna were: L∞ =133.72cm K=0.35 year^−1.The length-weight relationship was estimated as: W=0.00002 L^2.83. The instantaneous rates of total mortality (Z) was estimated by using the Powell-Wetherall plot as 1.82 year^−1. The instantaneous rate of natural mortality was obtained by Pauly equation (M=0.44 year^−1) and the instantaneous rate of fishing mortality (F) estimated from Z-M=1.38 year^−1

Trophic level, food preference and feeding ecology of Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766), in Hormuzgan Province waters (northern Persian Gulf and Oman Sea)

This study examined the ecological factors associated with feeding in Rachycentron canadum (cobia) in the waters of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Seasonally variation of stomach condition of cobia male, females, pooled and size wise were analyzed. In general, 577 cobia were collected (340 males, 237 females) (20–161 cm Total length) from Sept. 2014 to Sept. 2015 by the Ferdows-1 survey ship and from the landing areas in Bandar Abbas harbor seasonally. Our results provide the first estimates of trophic level (Tr.L) (4.32±0.76, mean±Se), consumption per biomass (Q/B) (6.13), and aspect ratio of the caudal fin (ARc.f) (3.1) for R. canadum in the Hormuzgan Province. We also found that bony fish made up more than 80 percent of the relative importance of particular prey (IRI %), indicating R. canadum primarily preys on these species. The immature group (20–40 cm, T.L), tended to feed on Penaeidae family, small crabs, and mollusks. Hierarchical clustering revealed that the frequencies of different types of prey could be applied to categorize the length classes into three levels. The result of this study revealed that the immature group and the 20-40 cm length class tended to feed on Penaeidae family, crabs, and mollusks. Also, we found that males generally fed more than females in all seasons and that R. canadum had an average dietary intake. The findings of this study can be used to prepare a food formulation for cobia that resembles the native diet