Literary Journalism and Africa's Wars. Colonial, Decolonial and Postcolonial Perspectives

International audienceThis collection of essays explores ways in which early and late examples of literary journalism from England, France, Spain, Portugal and the United States interpolate the aesthetics of war reporting on various fronts and at divergent times in Africa's history, both reproducing and deconstructing the widespread colonial discourse that lies behind nearly every war, campaign, coup, assassination and pogrom that has scarred the continent over the past century. Although often a product of that colonial discourse, the literary journalism examined in this collection was motivated at least in part by the desire to expose the power imbalances that upheld it. Among the primary sources included in this volume are texts by Henry Morton Stanley, Ramón J. Sender, Martinho Simões, Frederick Forsyth, Kurt Vonnegut, Ryszard Kapuscinski, Philip Gourevitch, Jean Hatzfeld and a host of foreign correspondents from Le Monde. Incorporating a wide range of international critical perspectives, this book assesses the impact literary journalism has had on various nations' literary war reporting emanating from colonialist and postcolonialist conflicts and how those stories might help to reconfigure certain historical legacies, journalistic heuristics and literary representations of Africa in the 21st century. By presenting excerpts from several primary sources alongside a contextual gloss and a scholarly essay, the collection highlights the varied effects produced when literary techniques were fused with factual war reporting

Literary Journalism and Africa’s Wars: Colonial, Decolonial and Postcolonial Perspectives

International audienc

Islet endocrine-cell behavior from birth onward in mice with the nonobese diabetic genetic background.

BACKGROUND: Glucagon-producing alpha cells play a crucial role during the perinatal period. Because of their peri-islet localization near the early dendritic and macrophage cell infiltration, we thought it pertinent to investigate alpha cells in greater depth in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, a well-recognized spontaneous model for human type I diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We determined alpha-cell distribution (glucagon immunohistochemistry and image analysis) and activity (real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR] and glucagon radioimmunoassay [RIA]), in relationship to glycemia in NOD and lymphocyte-deficient NODscid mice as compared to control mice (C57BL/6) from birth onward. RESULTS: NOD and NODscid mice, particularly at 1 day of age, had twice as many very small islets (<2,000 pixels) as C57BL/6 mice. During the postnatal period, the percentages of glucagon-positive areas in islets less than 2000 pixels were higher in NOD mice than C57BL/6; only a trend was found in NODscid. Pancreatic mRNA expression and glucagon content decreased in all strains at weaning. However, before weaning, pancreatic and blood glucagon levels were significantly lower in NOD and NODscid compared to C57BL/6 mice. Low basal nonfasting glycemia was observed in all strains before weaning with some strain differences: glycemia was significantly lower in NOD than C57BL/6, and higher in NODscid than NOD and C57BL/6. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that, before weaning, NOD and, to some extent NODscid pancreata contain more immature islets (as reflected by their small size and high percentages of glucagon-positive areas, concomitant with lower glucagon storage and basal secretion) than C57BL/6 pancreata