Association Between Race/Ethnicity and Survival of Melanoma Patients in the United States Over 3 Decades

Melanoma is a treatable and preventable skin cancer. It is responsible for 75% of deaths among all skin cancers. Previous studies have found that race/ethnicity may play a role in survival among melanoma patients. However, there are no studies that cover 30 years and take race into account for the U.S. population. This study is a secondary analysis of the National Cancer Institute\u27s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER) Program. Adults with primary cutaneous melanoma from 1982 to 2011 were included; the final sample size was 185,219. The outcome was survival; both cause-specific and all-cause mortality were examined. The main exposure was race/ethnicity. Kaplan?Meier survival analysis was used to estimate overall survival. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs). A P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. More than 50% of patients in all races/ethnicities were diagnosed at the in situ or localized stage. Non-Hispanic White patients were more frequently diagnosed at the in situ stage. Overall, more men were diagnosed than women. The majority of cases among all races were men. Non-Hispanic Black females represented the smallest percentage of melanoma cases among all races. The smallest number of diagnoses across all races/ethnicities was made from 1982 to 1991. Median follow-up was 81 months and no collinearity was observed in the adjusted models. When examining cause-specific mortality and controlling for site and stage at diagnosis, gender, age and decade of diagnosis, the HR for non-Hispanic Black patients was lower than that for non-Hispanic White patients (HR 0.7; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.6?0.8). However, when examining all-cause mortality, this difference disappeared (HR 1.1; 95% CI: 1.0?1.2). Stage at diagnosis impacted HR; patients diagnosed with distant metastases had significantly worse survival. When taking cause-specific mortality into consideration and after controlling for stage and site at diagnosis, gender, and age and decade of diagnosis, non-Hispanic Black patients had a lower HR compared to non-Hispanic White patients. However, this difference disappeared when examining all-cause mortality. Further research is needed to explore this finding and to determine what factors may be associated with late-stage melanoma diagnosis

HEMORRHOIDECTOMY VERSES RUBBER BAND LIGATION

According to some estimates, haemorrhoids afflict up to one-quarter of all individuals. There are numerous methods available to manage them, ranging from topical and medicinal medicines to outpatient treatments and surgical techniques to repair or excise. Given the disease's polysymptomaticism, determining which therapy choice is optimal is tough. Hemorrhoid disease treatment is one of the most difficult fields in general surgery, with various approaches utilised to cure this illness. In this research, we contrasted Hemorrhoidectomy verses Rubber Band Ligation results of treatment methods for hemorrhoids. Review the effectiveness and safety of the two most often used conventional treatments for haemorrhoids, rubber band ligation and excisional haemorrhoidectomy, and compare between the clinical results for both procedures. The PubMed database and EBSCO Information Services were utilized to choose the articles. In this review, all pertinent articles related to both our topic and other articles were used. Other articles that have nothing to do with this subject were not included. The group members looked through a certain format in which the data had been extracted. Internal hemorrhoid is a common pathological anorectal appearance, although it is a difficult condition to treat. Internal haemorrhoids symptoms and indicators should be thoroughly explored, as should clinical grading. Individual thinking and clinical considerations should influence the various possibilities for managing internal haemorrhoids and specific therapeutic approaches. At first, lifestyle changes should be made, such as consuming a high-fiber diet, developing sane bathroom routines, and administering phlebotropic drugs. When alternative treatments don't work, surgical methods and outpatient procedures should be used. Therapy management such as Hemorrhoidectomy or Rubber Band Ligation is critical to preventing future consequences from internal haemorrhoids