Self-nano Emulsifying Formulations: An Encouraging Approach for Bioavailability Enhancement and Future Perspective

Currently lipid-based formulations are playing a vital and promising role in improving the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Lipid based formulations mainly consist of a drug dissolved in lipids such as triglycerides, glycerides, oils and surface active agent. Self nanoemulsifying formulations (SNEF) are isotropic mixtures of lipids/oils, surfactants and co-surfactants. On mild agitation followed by dilution in aqueous media, such as GI fluids, SNEF can form fine oil-in-water (o/w) nanoemulsions. Present chapter summarizes different types of lipid formulations with special emphasis on SNEF, availability of dosage forms, different components with natural surfactants from medicinal plants, mechanism of SNEF, recent advancements in oral drug delivery, solid SNEDDS, patents on SNEF and future prospects. SNEF emerging as powerful technique to improve solubility and commercialization of solid SNEF is the future novel drug delivery to improve bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs

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Not AvailableA single quadrupole GC–MS method was optimized for multiresidue determination of 47 pesticides in grapes with limit of quantifications of each compound in compliance with the EU-MRL requirements. Sample preparation involved extraction of 10 g sample with 10 ml ethyl acetate ( + 10 g sodium sulphate) by homogenization at 15,000 rpm followed by centrifugation at 3000 rpm. The supernatant was cleaned by dispersive solid phase extraction with primary secondary amine and acidified with 0.1% formic acid. Residues were estimated in selected ion monitoring mode with programmable temperature vaporizer-large volume injection (8 μl). All the GC and MS parameters were thoroughly optimized to achieve satisfactory linearity (R2 > 0.99) within 0.01–0.25 mg kg−1 with minimum matrix interferences. Recoveries at 0.01 and 0.02 mg kg−1 were within 67–120% with associated precision RSD below 19%. The method was successfully applied for analysis of the real world samples for incurred residues.Not Availabl

Impact of COVID-19: Role of Strategic E-Learning System

This paper aimed at investigating factors about interrelationship between E-Learning Orientation, E-Learning Implementation, E-Learning Perception, and E-Learning Satisfaction. The information of the study was gathered from 330 students of large university affiliated institutes. Judgment or purposive sampling is used for selection of respondents. The outcome of study showed relationship of all variables for a proposed model. All the constructs are correlated with each other. E-Learning Orientation, E-Learning Implementation, and E-Learning Perception are having positive relationship on E-Learning Satisfaction. The output of this study can be utilized to improve E-Learning environment system in better ways. Variables used in this study are taken for the first time for such type of research work. The work also intended to participate in current literature about E-Learning Orientation, E-Learning Implementation, E-Learning Perception, and E-Learning Satisfaction.</jats:p

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Not AvailableA residue analysis method for the simultaneous estimation of 349 pesticides, 11 PCBs and 15 PAHs extracted from grape, pomegranate, okra, tomato and onion matrices, was established by using a gas chromatograph coupled to an electron impact ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (GC–EI-MS/MS). The samples were extracted by ethyl acetate and cleaned by dispersive solid phase extraction with PSA and/or GCB/C18 by the methods reported earlier. The GC–EI-MS/MS parameters were optimized for analysis of all the 375 compounds within a 40 min run time with limit of quantification for most of the compounds at 0.99 within the calibration linearity range of <5–250 ng/mL for compounds with LOQs < 5 ng/mL. While for the compounds with LOQs within 5–10 μg/kg, the lowest calibration level was 5 and 10 μg/kg as applicable. The recoveries at 10, 25 and 50 ng/mL were within 70–110% (n = 6) with associated RSDs < 20% indicating satisfactory precision. The information generated from the single laboratory validation was further utilized for building a semi-quantitative approach. The accuracies in quantification obtained via individual calibration standards vis-à-vis semi-quantification approach were comparable. For incurred samples, the concentrations estimated by the semi-quantification approach were within ±10% of the values obtained by direct quantification. This approach complements the existing GC–EI-MS/MS methods by offering targeted screening and quantification capabilities.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableStudies conducted to standardize the dose of GA3 and 6BA at 3–4 mm and 6–7 mm berry size stages after berry set, indicated that the application of GA3 at 40 ppm + 10 ppm 6BA at 3–4 mm and GA3 at 30 ppm + 10 ppm 6BA at 6–7 mm berry size stage was equally good in comparison with the higher concentration of GA3 at 50ppm + 20 ppm 6BA at 3–4 mm and GA3 at 30 ppm + 10 ppm 6BA at 6–7 mm berry size stage. Berry quality and shelf life were not significantly different among the treatments. Based on the results obtained it could be concluded that for increasing berry size and berry weight of Sharad Seedless grapes the application of GA3 at 40 and 30 ppm along with 10 ppm 6BA at 3–4 mm and 6–7 mm berry size stage, respectively seems to be beneficial and economical.Not Availabl