Manuscrits de l’époque du Chosŏn

Le royaume du Chosŏn (1392‑1897) fut un État administré par des lois et des codes, dont l’administration centrale et locale fonctionna à travers la production et l’échange de documents manuscrits. On compte plus d’un million de documents pouvant être répartis en quatre ensembles : 1) documents émis par décision royale ; 2) documents échangés entre administrations ; 3) documents rédigés entre particuliers ; 4) documents variés établis collectivement dans la population. Ils furent rédigés sur la base des institutions ou bien sur celle de pratiques transmises dans la société et avaient force de preuve en cas de problèmes. L’étude des manuscrits du Chosŏn permet de saisir de manière plus approfondie et surtout plus concrète (comparativement à d’autres sources) le modus operandi de la gestion des institutions étatiques, ainsi que la vie des membres ordinaires du peuple. Recueils de sources et base de données numériques permettent aujourd’hui des recherches actives à grande échelle.The Chosŏn Kingdom (1392‑1897) was a State administrated by laws and codes, whose central and local administration functioned through production and exchanges of manuscripts. More than one million manuscripts are counted and they can be divided into four parts: 1) manuscripts produced by royal decision; 2) manuscripts exchanged between State offices; 3) manuscripts written privately; 4) various manuscripts produced collectively by people. Manuscripts were written in conformity with institutions or practices passed down within society. They were used as evidence in case of dispute. Studying manuscripts of the Chosŏn facilitates an understanding in a deeper and, above all, a more concrete way (compared to other types of sources) of the modus operandi of administrating state institutions as well as the life of commoners. Collection of sources and databases make it possible today to conduct effective research on a large scale.조선(1392‑1896)은 법과 제도에 의해 운영된 국가였다. 왕을 비롯하여 중앙 관청이나 지방 관청에서 이루어진 행정은 기본적으로 문서(文書)를 통해 실행되었다. 현재까지 남아 있는 조선시대 고문서는 대략 100만 점 이상인 것으로 추정된다. 조선시대 고문서는 편의상 국왕 명의로 발급된 문서, 관청 사이에서 주고 받은 문서, 민간에서 개인 사이에서 작성된 문서, 각종 민간 단체들이 작성한 문서로 나누어 살펴볼 수 있다. 이들 문서는 각각 조선시대 법제도와 민간에서 이어져온 관행을 바탕으로 작성되었고, 어떤 문제가 발생했을 때 증거 능력을 가지고 있었다. 오늘날 조선시대 고문서를 통해 기존에 알려져 있던 문헌 자료를 통해서는 파악할 수 없었던 조선시대 국가 제도의 운영 실체나 일반 백성들의 삶을 실체를 보다 깊이 있게 이해할 수 있게 되었다. 따라서 조선시대 고문서 자료를 보다 효과적으로 활용하기 위하여 자료집을 발간하거나 웹사이트를 통해 방대한 규모의 고문서를 대상으로 한 데이터베이스를 구축하는 연구가 활발하게 진행되었다

Encyclopédie des historiographies : Afriques, Amériques, Asies

Quels rapports les sociétés humaines entretiennent-elles avec leur passé et quels récits font-elles du temps révolu ? Pour ce premier volume de l’Encyclopédie des historiographies. Afriques, Amériques, Asies, 157 spécialistes représentant 88 institutions académiques en France et dans le monde explorent l’univers des productions humaines qui constituent des sources pour l’historien et déchiffrent les nombreuses modalités (« scientifiques », littéraires, artistiques, monumentales…) de l’écriture du passé. Évoquant tour à tour l’Afrique, l’Amérique latine, l’Asie, l’Océanie, les 216 notices de l’ouvrage présentent des matériaux historiques de toute nature, issus de toutes les époques, souvent méconnus, ainsi que l’histoire de leurs usages. L’entreprise collective qu’est l’Encyclopédie se veut novatrice : il s’agit de susciter une réflexion historiographique résolument non-occidentalo-centrée qui complète utilement les démarches épistémologiques traditionnelles. Nouvel outil de connaissance historique forgé à l’heure de la mondialisation, l’Encyclopédie des historiographies est aussi une véritable invitation au voyage.What are the different types of relations that non-Western societies upkeep with their past and how are narratives about the past produced by them? In this first volume of the Encyclopaedia of Historiography: Africa, America, Asia, 157 specialists from 88 international academic institutions explore the wealth of evidence that constitutes source material for historians. They also examine the immensely diverse modes or genres of narrated history: “scientific”, literary, artistic, architectural, etc. 216 entries dealing with Africa, Latin America, Oceania, and Asia, cover a large variety of sources, including many which are unfamiliar to the Western or non-Western reader, along with the history of how they have been exploited. By bringing together for the first time such an abundance of material the reader is offered the possibility of exploring continents and building meaningful connections across space and time. In addition to being a new tool for historical enquiry in an era of globalization, this encyclopaedia is also an invitation to travel the world