4 research outputs found
MONITORING THE VITAMINS A AND E CONTENT IN COMPOUND FEEDS AND PREMIXTURES
Analiziran je sadržaj vitamina A i E u krmnim smjesama, dodacima i predsmjesama u uzorcima od 2004. do 2006. godine (288 uzoraka). Dobiveni rezultati usporeÄeni su s deklaracijama proizvoÄaÄa i
pravilnicima i preporukama za hranidbu. U prosjeku sadržaj vitamina A i E u krmnim smjesama za piliÄe u tovu, kokoÅ”i nesilice, purane, praÅ”ÄiÄe, tovne svinje i krmaÄe bio je vrlo blizu preporuÄenih vrijednosti. U dvije od analiziranih krmnih smjesa maksimalna granica od 13,500 IU/kg vitamina A bila je neznatno prekoraÄena, iako je ostala unutar poveÄane kolebljivosti analitiÄke metode. Razine vitamina E u dodatnim krmivima i predsmjesama potvrÄuju Äinjenicu da proizvoÄaÄi obiÄno dodaju ovaj vitamin krmivima ponekad u veÄoj koliÄini od preporuÄene (poboljÅ”anje hranidbene vrijednosti i moguÄnost spremanja mesa, protustresna aktivnost). Istraživanjima je otkriveno ukupno 3,1% sluÄajeva u godinama 2004-2006. (3,8%sluÄajeva 2004-2008. godine), kada sadržaj vitamina A i E nije odgovarao deklaraciji proizvoÄaÄa. Sadržaj vitamina A i E, te kakvoÄu domaÄih krmiva treba smatrati dobrima.Vitamins A and E contents in compound feeds, supplementary feedstuffs and premixtures sampled in the years 2004-2006 were analyzed (288 samples). The obtained results were compared with producer declarations and requirements presented in dietary regulations and recommendations. On the average, the vitamin A contents in compound feeds for broiler chickens, laying hens, turkeys, piglets, fattening pigs and sows were close to the recommended values. In two of the analyzed compound feeds the maximum limit of 13,500 IU/kg of vitamin A was slightly exceeded, though it remained within the expanded uncertainty of analytical method. The levels of vitamin E in supplementary feedstuffs and premixtures confirm the fact that manufacturers practice supplementing feedstuffs with this vitamin whose addition may be sometimes higher than the dietary recommendations (improving dietetic value and storage possibility of meat, anti-stress activity). The studies revealed a total of 3.1% of cases in the years 2004-2006 (3.8% of cases in the years 2004-2008) when the vitamins A and E content was not consistent with the manufacturerās declaration. Regarding the vitamins A and E content, the quality of domestic feed products should be considered as good
ON THE NECESSITY TO STANDARDIZE WHEAT BRAN FOR ANIMAL FEEDING
Proveden je niz testiranja kemijskog sastava i hranidbene vrijednosti 105 uzoraka pÅ”eniÄnih posija iz mlinova i od proizvoÄaÄa tjestenine u 2006. i 2007. godini. OdreÄene su osnovne hranjive tvari, tj. procijenjeni su suha tvar, pepeo, sirove bjelanÄevine, sirova mast, sirova vlaknina, Å”krob i Å”eÄer, te metaboliÄka energija. Analiza rezultata ispitivanja osnovnih hranjivih tvari u pÅ”eniÄnim posijama, osobito sirove vlaknine, frakcije vlakana (NDF, ADF i ADL), Å”kroba i Å”eÄera pokazala je velike razlike u dobivenim podacima. Detaljna analiza podataka kao i vizualna procjena uzoraka dala je tri razliÄita
tipa proizvoda: standardne pÅ”eniÄne posije, bijele pÅ”eniÄne posije i tvrde (durum) pÅ”eniÄne posije. Rezultati istraživanja navode na zakljuÄak da standardne pÅ”eniÄne posije obilježava kemijski sastav sliÄan vrijednostima na tablicama koje prikazuju kemijski sastav i hranidbenu vrijednost krmiva (pÅ”enice). Bijele pÅ”eniÄne posije pokazale su gotovo dvaput niže vrijednosti sadržaja sirove vlaknine (oko 40 g/kg) i frakcija vlakna: NDF (190 g/kg), ADF (55 g/kg), ADL (12 g/kg), dok je sadržaj Å”kroba iznosio dvostruko viÅ”e ā oko 420 g/kg u usporedbi s oko 200g/kg u standardnim posijama. Rezultati
analize udjela gore spomenutih hranjivih tvari u finim durum posijama dali su srednje vrijednosti. Pokazalo se da se metaboliÄka energija razlikovala sa svojom vrijednoÅ”Äu blizu podacima na tablici za standardne posije i 2-3 MJ/kg viÅ”im od bijelih posija. U "bijelim" i "standardnim" tipovima pÅ”eniÄnih posija dobiveni su, u pravilu, niži koeficijenti varijacije, npr. koeficijent varijacije za sirovu vlakninu pao je od 22% na 13%, dok se koeficijent varijacije za Å”krob snizio od 34% na 20%.A series of studies was performed, testing the chemical composition and nutritional value of 105 samples of wheat bran taken from mills and pasta manufacturers in the years 2006-2007. The basic nutrients were determined, namely dry mass, crude ash, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, fiber fractions, starch and sugar, and metabolic energy were evaluated. The analysis of the study results concerning the basic nutrients found in wheat bran, and particularly crude fiber, fiber fractions (NDF, ADF and ADL), starch and sugar revealed a high differentiation in the obtained data. A detailed analysis of the data, as well as a visual assessment of the samples, resulted in distinguishing three types of products: standard wheat bran, white wheat bran and hard (durum) wheat bran. The results of the studies suggested that standard wheat bran was characterized by a chemical composition which was similar to the values presented in the tables quoting the feedsā chemical composition and nutritional value. White wheat bran revealed nearly twice lower values of crude fiber content (ca.40g/kg)
and fiber fractions: NDF (190 g/kg), ADF (55 g/kg), ADL (12 g/kg), while it contained more than a double amount of starch ā ca. 420 g/kg, compared to ca. 200 g/kg in standard bran. The results of analyzing the share of the above mentioned nutrients in fine durum bran reached intermediate values. It turned out that metabolic energy was differentiated, with its value close to the data presented in the table in case of standard bran and higher by 2-3 MJ/kg in white bran. Within āwhiteā and āstandardā wheat bran types, lower coefficients of variation were obtained, as a rule, e.g. the coefficient of variation for crude fiber dropped from 22% to 13%, while the coefficient of variation for starch went down from 34% to 20%
THE RISK OF CROSS CONTAMINATION IN COMPOUND FEED PRODUCTION ON THE EXAMPLE OF NARASIN
Rad prikazuje analizu tehnoloÅ”kog procesa u odabranoj tvornici za proizvodnju krmnih smjesa u vezi s moguÄnoÅ”Äu prenoÅ”enja krmnih aditiva meÄu proizvedene krmne smjese i rizika od meÄu-kontaminacije. OdreÄena je moguÄa opasnost od upotrebe kokcidiostatika u konkretnim proizvodnim fazama. NaÄinjen je tehnoloÅ”ki model tvornice oznaÄavanjem moguÄih puteva kontaminacije meÄu pojedinim proizvodnim partijama. Ispitivano je djelovanje meÄu-kontaminacije za vrijeme proizvodnje krmne smjese za perad s najveÄom prihvatljivom razinom narazina od 70 mg/kg. Proizvedena je smjesa koja je sadržavala narazin, a na istoj tehnoloÅ”koj liniji naÄinjene su sljedeÄe tri uzastopne serije smjese bez kokcidiostatika, tzv. "sabirne smjese". Nisu naÄinjeni nikakvi postupci proÄiÅ”Äavanja meÄu uzastopnim partijama ubaÄenim u mikser. Razina kontaminacije u prvoj "sabirnoj smjesi" iznosila je prosjeÄno 12%. Sadržaj kokcidiostatika u drugoj i treÄoj smjesi bio je ispod donje razine kvantitativne metode, tj.ispod 3%. Rezultati rada ocijenjeni su u odnosu na struÄna miÅ”ljenja na tom podruÄju te na najnoviju zakonsku regulativu.The paper presents an analysis of a technological process in a selected feed manufacturing plant, regarding the probability of transmitting feed additives among the manufactured feed mixtures and the risk of crosscontamination. Threats resulting from the use of coccidiostatics were determined at particular manufacturing stages. A technological model of the plant was made, identifying potential routes of cross-contamination between individual production batches. The cross-contamination effect in manufacturing a feed mixture for poultry was examined, with the maximum acceptable narasin level amounting to 70 mg/kg. A mixture containing narasin was produced, and next three successive series of the feed without any coccidiostatics were mixed on the same technological line, the socalled ācollecting mixturesā. No purifying procedures were performed between the successive batches added to the mixer. The contamination level obtained in the first ācollecting mixtureā amounted to an average of 12%. The coccidiostatic content in the second and third mixture was below the bottom level of the quantifying method, namely below 3%. The results of the study were evaluated in reference to professional opinions in that particular subject area and the latest legal regulations