MONITORING THE VITAMINS A AND E CONTENT IN COMPOUND FEEDS AND PREMIXTURES

Analiziran je sadržaj vitamina A i E u krmnim smjesama, dodacima i predsmjesama u uzorcima od 2004. do 2006. godine (288 uzoraka). Dobiveni rezultati uspoređeni su s deklaracijama proizvođača i pravilnicima i preporukama za hranidbu. U prosjeku sadržaj vitamina A i E u krmnim smjesama za piliće u tovu, kokoši nesilice, purane, praščiće, tovne svinje i krmače bio je vrlo blizu preporučenih vrijednosti. U dvije od analiziranih krmnih smjesa maksimalna granica od 13,500 IU/kg vitamina A bila je neznatno prekoračena, iako je ostala unutar povećane kolebljivosti analitičke metode. Razine vitamina E u dodatnim krmivima i predsmjesama potvrđuju činjenicu da proizvođači obično dodaju ovaj vitamin krmivima ponekad u većoj količini od preporučene (poboljšanje hranidbene vrijednosti i mogućnost spremanja mesa, protustresna aktivnost). Istraživanjima je otkriveno ukupno 3,1% slučajeva u godinama 2004-2006. (3,8%slučajeva 2004-2008. godine), kada sadržaj vitamina A i E nije odgovarao deklaraciji proizvođača. Sadržaj vitamina A i E, te kakvoću domaćih krmiva treba smatrati dobrima.Vitamins A and E contents in compound feeds, supplementary feedstuffs and premixtures sampled in the years 2004-2006 were analyzed (288 samples). The obtained results were compared with producer declarations and requirements presented in dietary regulations and recommendations. On the average, the vitamin A contents in compound feeds for broiler chickens, laying hens, turkeys, piglets, fattening pigs and sows were close to the recommended values. In two of the analyzed compound feeds the maximum limit of 13,500 IU/kg of vitamin A was slightly exceeded, though it remained within the expanded uncertainty of analytical method. The levels of vitamin E in supplementary feedstuffs and premixtures confirm the fact that manufacturers practice supplementing feedstuffs with this vitamin whose addition may be sometimes higher than the dietary recommendations (improving dietetic value and storage possibility of meat, anti-stress activity). The studies revealed a total of 3.1% of cases in the years 2004-2006 (3.8% of cases in the years 2004-2008) when the vitamins A and E content was not consistent with the manufacturer’s declaration. Regarding the vitamins A and E content, the quality of domestic feed products should be considered as good

ON THE NECESSITY TO STANDARDIZE WHEAT BRAN FOR ANIMAL FEEDING

Proveden je niz testiranja kemijskog sastava i hranidbene vrijednosti 105 uzoraka pšeničnih posija iz mlinova i od proizvođača tjestenine u 2006. i 2007. godini. Određene su osnovne hranjive tvari, tj. procijenjeni su suha tvar, pepeo, sirove bjelančevine, sirova mast, sirova vlaknina, škrob i šećer, te metabolička energija. Analiza rezultata ispitivanja osnovnih hranjivih tvari u pšeničnim posijama, osobito sirove vlaknine, frakcije vlakana (NDF, ADF i ADL), škroba i šećera pokazala je velike razlike u dobivenim podacima. Detaljna analiza podataka kao i vizualna procjena uzoraka dala je tri različita tipa proizvoda: standardne pšenične posije, bijele pšenične posije i tvrde (durum) pšenične posije. Rezultati istraživanja navode na zaključak da standardne pšenične posije obilježava kemijski sastav sličan vrijednostima na tablicama koje prikazuju kemijski sastav i hranidbenu vrijednost krmiva (pšenice). Bijele pšenične posije pokazale su gotovo dvaput niže vrijednosti sadržaja sirove vlaknine (oko 40 g/kg) i frakcija vlakna: NDF (190 g/kg), ADF (55 g/kg), ADL (12 g/kg), dok je sadržaj škroba iznosio dvostruko više – oko 420 g/kg u usporedbi s oko 200g/kg u standardnim posijama. Rezultati analize udjela gore spomenutih hranjivih tvari u finim durum posijama dali su srednje vrijednosti. Pokazalo se da se metabolička energija razlikovala sa svojom vrijednošću blizu podacima na tablici za standardne posije i 2-3 MJ/kg višim od bijelih posija. U "bijelim" i "standardnim" tipovima pšeničnih posija dobiveni su, u pravilu, niži koeficijenti varijacije, npr. koeficijent varijacije za sirovu vlakninu pao je od 22% na 13%, dok se koeficijent varijacije za škrob snizio od 34% na 20%.A series of studies was performed, testing the chemical composition and nutritional value of 105 samples of wheat bran taken from mills and pasta manufacturers in the years 2006-2007. The basic nutrients were determined, namely dry mass, crude ash, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, fiber fractions, starch and sugar, and metabolic energy were evaluated. The analysis of the study results concerning the basic nutrients found in wheat bran, and particularly crude fiber, fiber fractions (NDF, ADF and ADL), starch and sugar revealed a high differentiation in the obtained data. A detailed analysis of the data, as well as a visual assessment of the samples, resulted in distinguishing three types of products: standard wheat bran, white wheat bran and hard (durum) wheat bran. The results of the studies suggested that standard wheat bran was characterized by a chemical composition which was similar to the values presented in the tables quoting the feeds’ chemical composition and nutritional value. White wheat bran revealed nearly twice lower values of crude fiber content (ca.40g/kg) and fiber fractions: NDF (190 g/kg), ADF (55 g/kg), ADL (12 g/kg), while it contained more than a double amount of starch – ca. 420 g/kg, compared to ca. 200 g/kg in standard bran. The results of analyzing the share of the above mentioned nutrients in fine durum bran reached intermediate values. It turned out that metabolic energy was differentiated, with its value close to the data presented in the table in case of standard bran and higher by 2-3 MJ/kg in white bran. Within “white” and “standard” wheat bran types, lower coefficients of variation were obtained, as a rule, e.g. the coefficient of variation for crude fiber dropped from 22% to 13%, while the coefficient of variation for starch went down from 34% to 20%

THE RISK OF CROSS CONTAMINATION IN COMPOUND FEED PRODUCTION ON THE EXAMPLE OF NARASIN

Rad prikazuje analizu tehnološkog procesa u odabranoj tvornici za proizvodnju krmnih smjesa u vezi s mogućnošću prenošenja krmnih aditiva među proizvedene krmne smjese i rizika od među-kontaminacije. Određena je moguća opasnost od upotrebe kokcidiostatika u konkretnim proizvodnim fazama. Načinjen je tehnološki model tvornice označavanjem mogućih puteva kontaminacije među pojedinim proizvodnim partijama. Ispitivano je djelovanje među-kontaminacije za vrijeme proizvodnje krmne smjese za perad s najvećom prihvatljivom razinom narazina od 70 mg/kg. Proizvedena je smjesa koja je sadržavala narazin, a na istoj tehnološkoj liniji načinjene su sljedeće tri uzastopne serije smjese bez kokcidiostatika, tzv. "sabirne smjese". Nisu načinjeni nikakvi postupci pročišćavanja među uzastopnim partijama ubačenim u mikser. Razina kontaminacije u prvoj "sabirnoj smjesi" iznosila je prosječno 12%. Sadržaj kokcidiostatika u drugoj i trećoj smjesi bio je ispod donje razine kvantitativne metode, tj.ispod 3%. Rezultati rada ocijenjeni su u odnosu na stručna mišljenja na tom području te na najnoviju zakonsku regulativu.The paper presents an analysis of a technological process in a selected feed manufacturing plant, regarding the probability of transmitting feed additives among the manufactured feed mixtures and the risk of crosscontamination. Threats resulting from the use of coccidiostatics were determined at particular manufacturing stages. A technological model of the plant was made, identifying potential routes of cross-contamination between individual production batches. The cross-contamination effect in manufacturing a feed mixture for poultry was examined, with the maximum acceptable narasin level amounting to 70 mg/kg. A mixture containing narasin was produced, and next three successive series of the feed without any coccidiostatics were mixed on the same technological line, the socalled “collecting mixtures”. No purifying procedures were performed between the successive batches added to the mixer. The contamination level obtained in the first “collecting mixture” amounted to an average of 12%. The coccidiostatic content in the second and third mixture was below the bottom level of the quantifying method, namely below 3%. The results of the study were evaluated in reference to professional opinions in that particular subject area and the latest legal regulations