Construction and Titration of a Recombinant Canine Adenovirus Expressing the Rabies G Protein

To prevent rabies in domestic animals we need safe and effective vaccines. Although there are commercial inactivated vaccines in place to ensure protection against rabies in swine, but searching for a more economically viable formulation for use in developed countries is always a priority. In this paper we designed a structural model of a rabies vaccine using the molecular cloning techniques  represented by a recombinant adenovirus (CAV-2) where was replaced E3 region with the an insert represented by G rabies protein. Using plasmids who contains the canine adenovirus type 2 virus (CAV-2) and rabies glycoprotein which was digested by restriction enzyme such as SwaI, MboI, AscI and NotI we obtained the vector pRecCAV2CMV-G. This vector was transfected in DKcre cells, multiplied and purified. The results after titration in DKcre cells revealed us a 108TCID50%/ml virus concentration and 1010,4 infectious particles using real time PCR

Review of goat breeding and herds health status in Romania Évaluation de l'état de santé de troupeaux des chèvres en Roumanie

The interest in goat breeding in Romania is growing, our country ranked fourth in Europe, following countries with tradition in the field, such as United Kingdom, Spain and Greece. The goat population grew from 971830 animals in 2006 to 2057309 in 2017. As breeds, the most common are Carpathian and White Banat native goats, followed by French Alpine and Saanen, imported lately to improve milk production. To date, in Romanian literature had been reported researches on goat livestock development, optimization of breeding technologies, genetic improvement of milk production in Carpathian breed, evaluation of physical and chemical parameters of milk and meat, evaluation of goats reproductive function, etc. On the subject of diseases and health problems in goats, there are studies on white muscular disease, paratuberculosis, contagious ecthyma, infectious respiratory disorders, gangrenous mastitis, contagious agalactia, bluetongue, caprine arthritis and encephalitis, and parasitic infections as coccidiosis, tapeworm (Monezia, Cestoda) and round worms (Nematode - Trichostrongylus sp.) infestation, etc. The aspects of health problems in goat livestock, diagnosed and published during the last years, are few and constantly changing, unsystematic and insufficient, even though in Romania there is a national surveillance and control program for goat health status

Molecular detection of hepatitis E virus in wild boars from Botoșani County

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections occur in both humans and animals worldwide. The domestic swine and wild boars (Sus scrofa) are known as important reservoirs of HEV, zoonotic hepatitis E infections of foodborne origin being linked to consumption of pig, wild boar and deer raw or undercooked meat or undercooked products. The aim of the study was to highlight the presence of HEV in wild boars using molecular biology methods. During hunting season 2015-2016 were collected blood and faecal samples from 22 wild boars from Suharău hunting fund in Botoșani County. Using degenerate primers, HEV RNA was detected by nested reverse transcriptase PCR in all wild boar faecal samples. The blood (EDTA whole blood) samples tested were negative for hepatitis E virus RNA. Our results indicate that wild boars are a possible source of infection for pigs and human population in Botoșani County

West Nile virus infections in Romania after the 2010 outbreak - a retrospective study in human and animal population

In this study the authors have made a retrospective analysis of West Nile virus infection in human and animals after 2010. Few studies have dealt with this arbovirosis in the last years and there is no analysis to correlate the evolution in animals and humans. To date it is considered that the largest outbreak of West Nile virus (WNV) encephalitis from Europe was registered in 1996 in Romania. Cases of encephalitis with WNV have been reported in our country before first in 1955 in Transylvania, followed by an outbreak in 1964 in Banat. The outbreak from 1996, ended with over 390 confirmed cases of encephalitis in humans the majority being registered in Bucharest and in the southern area of Romania. The epidemiological situation, after the implementation of a surveillance system for WNV in humans until 2010, was characterized by sporadic cases, WNV being reported yearly, except 2002. The infections were reported mostly in the south and south eastern area of the country. The age distribution in human cases recorded a majority in the group age over 65 years due to the senescence of the immune system and the associated diseases. The gender ratio was dominant for men, considering the occupational factor. In 2010 the second large outbreak of WNV was recorded and 47 confirmed cases of WNV infection were registered. After 2010, WNV encephalitis was recorded yearly and the area of detection was confined to eastern area and slowly to the to the whole country. Human cases were registered yearly in areas where the virus was detected in animals by serological screening. Considering the analyzed data, we can state that the main feature of WNV infection is the continuous virus spreading over the territory both in humans and animals. This can be determined by the climatic changes, that allow the surviving and multiplication of the competent vectors in new areas and maybe of the changes in the migratory routes of the birds- main amplifying hosts. Unfortunately, no statistical correlation between human and animal cases could be made. We can state that WNV is continuing to represent a threat for public health and more in depth research has to be made in order to characterize the evolution of the infection in our country and the causes of its endemisation

Detection of BHV-1 antibodies in bovine raised in rural households from Iași County

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis / infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IBR/IPV) is a significant disease among domestic and wild cattle. IBR/IPV is caused by Bovine Herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) that is capable of attacking many different tissues in the body leading to a variety of clinical diseases. The virus can persist in clinically recovered animals for years, remaining inactive until the animal is placed under stress. Investigations were undertaken during 2015-2016 on bovine raised in rural households in Miroslovești and Ciohorăni commune from Iași County. Individual serum samples from 305 cattle were tested for detection of BHV-1 antibodies using an ELISA commercial kit (IDEXX IBR Ab). The results showed that overall seroprevalence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) was 63.6% in tested cattle. These data underline the fact that in household reared cattle are several animals with BHV-1 lifelong latent infection

Echinococcus granulosus infection in domestic pig – a case study

Hydatid disease is a serious human health concern, caused by cysts of the tapeworm parasite Echinococcus granulosus. The tapeworm occurs in dogs, with the intermediate life cycle stage (the ‘hydatid cyst’) forming in many warm-blooded animals as well as in humans. This case study consists in post slaughter examination of a sow raised in a sheep small farm. The sow was slaughtered because of progressive weakening. The results of necropsy and histology exams revealed the Echinococcus granulosus infection. In the 2-year-old sow carcass, multiple vesicular, whitish, variable-sized lesions, between 2 and 4 cm in diameter, were seen in the liver parenchyma. The definitive host of Echinococcus gransulosus is the dog, who has the taenia in its small intestine and excretes embryonated eggs in its scat. The intermediate hosts can be various, usually sheep, but we can also find it in pigs, among others, as well as people, as it is a zoonosis. Obtained data are relevant in designing regional control strategies to suppress the occurrence of disease in livestock and risk for humans to be infected

Diversity of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from animal samples

Limited data is available regarding the epidemiology of the nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in Romania, in both human and veterinary medicine. The objective of the present study was the identification and characterization of the Mycobacterium avium complex species isolated from backyard poultry and ruminant samples. The molecular identification and genotyping was performed in ANSES, Laboratory for Animal Health, Maisons-Alfort, France, by real time PCR, with a wide range of targets: hsp65, IS6110, IS1081, IS1245, IS901 and MIRU-VNTR. M. avium avium and M. avium paratuberculosis were the two species identified. Five different profiles were obtained through genotyping, four of which had corresponding INMV (INRA Nouzilly MIRU-VNTR) profiles: INMV 2, INMV 67, INMV 99 and INMV 100. The technique differentiated between the M. avium paratuberculosis isolated from sheep and cattle and expressed a high discriminatory power, proving to be extremely useful for assessing the genetic diversity of the tested animal origin samples and providing comparable information on the general structure and main pathogens belonging to MAC