Arbuscular mycorrhizal root colonization of two species from the genus Plantago

The percentage of arbuscular mycorrhizal root colonization was assessed for two species of Plantago: Plantago lanceolata and Plantago major, sampled from different locations. Ten samples were analyzed for each species by using the Trypan Blue staining technique. The study was intended to estimate the level of arbusculat mycorrhizal colonization (AM) of the two species of Plantago and compare the results obtained. The percentage of mycorrhizal colonization was on an average of 27.74% for Plantago major and 40.17% for Plantago lanceolata, the difference between the two species being of 12.43%. Trypan Blue staining provided a good contrast, fine mycorrhizal structures (hyphae and arbuscules) being emphasized on the microscope. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that the means are significant for data distributions in the two species of Plantago. Kurtosis indicator had different values, the average distribution of the species being platikurtic for Plantago lanceolata (low variability in the data string) and leptokurtic for Plantago major (high variability)

GLOBAL PESTICIDE MARKET: SIZE, TRENDS, FORECASTS

Worldwide pesticides are used by farmers for growing more food on less land by protecting crops from pests, diseases and weeds as well as raising productivity per hectare. Also, pesticides enable farmers to produce safe, quality foods at affordable prices. Therefore, the market for agricultural pesticides is anticipated to rise by $ 26.23 billion between 2021 and 2025. Pesticide residues can be discovered in a wide range of common foods and drinks, such as prepared meals, water, wine, fruit juices, snacks, and animal feeds. Furthermore, it should be noticed that chemical pesticides have been linked to a variety of detrimental health consequences, including impacts on the skin, gastrointestinal system, nervous system, respiratory system, reproductive system, and endocrine system. The current review was carried out using an objective mixture of primary and secondary information, including inputs from key participants in pesticides industry. Also, it aims at highlighting the urgent need for a new concept in agriculture involving a drastic reduction in the use of chemical pesticides, driving the market to bio-based pesticides

The Influence of Variety and Climatic Year on the Phenology of Blueberry Grown in the Banat Area, Romania

This paper’s aim was to investigate the influence of variety and the climatic year on vegetation phenophases in blueberries grown in southwest Romania, the Banat region. This study was carried out during the growing season of 2020–2022 in a blueberry plantation, for ‘Duke’, ‘Hannah’s Choice’ and ‘Elliott’ varieties. In the study, phenological traits were recorded using the BBCH phenological scale and the observation of phenotypic data was recorded as in Julian days. Thus, it is found that the duration of each phenophase characterized each variety. The calendar periods for the onset of vegetation and the duration of spring phenological development stages in varieties have differed from year to year and depended on weather conditions. In the case of the phenological stage, depending on variety, the maximum amplitude was recorded for BBCH 87 stage (75% blue fruits) of 51 days, and the minimum amplitude, of 25 days, for BBCH 51 stage (bud swell) and BBCH 59 (late pink bud). The coefficient of variation, depending on climatic year, for generative phenophases, had values between 6.5% (BBCH 67-petal fall) and 21.1% (BBCH 51-bud swell). It was found that the variety and the climatic year influence the development of vegetation phenophases. The results indicate that blueberry cultivars have demonstrated a high degree of phenotypic plasticity to respond to gradual changes in environmental conditions and are important for the evaluation of cultivar cultivation prospects in the studied area