Automatic Selective Encryption of DICOM Images

Securing DICOM images is essential to protect the privacy of patients, especially in the era of telemedicine and eHealth/mHealth. This increases the demand for rapid security. Nevertheless, a limited amount of research work has been conducted to ensure the security of DICOM images while minimizing the processing time. Hence, this paper introduces a selective encryption approach to reduce the processing time and sustain the robustness of security. The proposed approach selects regions within medical images automatically in the spatial domain using the pixel thresholding segmentation technique, then compresses and encrypts them using different encryption algorithms based on their importance. An adaptive two-region encryption approach is applied to single and multi-frame DICOM images, where the Region of Background (ROB) is encrypted using a light encryption algorithm, while the Region of Interest (ROI) is encrypted using a sophisticated encryption algorithm. For multi-frame DICOM images (Approach I), additional time-saving has been achieved by almost 10,000 times faster than the Naïve encryption approach, and 100 times better compression ratio, using one segmentation map based on a pre-defined reference frame for all the DICOM frames. For single-frame DICOM image (Approach II), a multi-region selective encryption approach is proposed, where the ROI is further split into three regions based on potential security threats, using a mathematical model that guarantees shorter encryption time in comparison with the Naive and the two-region encryption approaches, with almost 47% and 14% saving times, respectively. Based on the estimated processing time, Approach I outperformed Approach II noticeably. Further, cryptanalysis metrics are utilized to evaluate the proposed approaches, which indicate good robustness against a wide variety of attacks.</jats:p

Certain subclasses of multivalent functions defined by new multiplier transformations

In the present paper the new multiplier transformations \mathrm{{\mathcal{J}% }}_{p}^{\delta }(\lambda ,\mu ,l) (\delta ,l\geq 0,\;\lambda \geq \mu \geq 0;\;p\in \mathrm{% }%\mathbb{N} )} of multivalent functions is defined. Making use of the operator $\mathrm{{\mathcal{J}}}_{p}^{\delta }(\lambda ,\mu ,l),$ two new subclasses $\mathcal{P}_{\lambda ,\mu ,l}^{\delta }(A,B;\sigma ,p)$ and $\widetilde{\mathcal{P}}_{\lambda ,\mu ,l}^{\delta }(A,B;\sigma ,p)$\textbf{\ }of multivalent analytic functions are introduced and investigated in the open unit disk. Some interesting relations and characteristics such as inclusion relationships, neighborhoods, partial sums, some applications of fractional calculus and quasi-convolution properties of functions belonging to each of these subclasses $\mathcal{P}_{\lambda ,\mu ,l}^{\delta }(A,B;\sigma ,p)$ and $\widetilde{\mathcal{P}}_{\lambda ,\mu ,l}^{\delta }(A,B;\sigma ,p)$ are investigated. Relevant connections of the definitions and results presented in this paper with those obtained in several earlier works on the subject are also pointed out

An evaluation of the national program of systematic land registration in Romania using the fit for purpose spatial framework principles

The National Program of Systematic Land Registration aims to register all land property in Romania by 2023. The goal has proven difficult to achieve, as by June 2022 only 4% of the localities in the country were completed. The aim of this research is to find the similarities and differences between the fit for purpose principles of land administration for the spatial framework and the practices in The Romanian National Program of Systematic Land Registration. This is the first study that analyzes the Romanian land registration program through the lens of the fit for purpose concept. The research shows that there are similarities with the fit for purpose spatial framework principles for the use of aerial images and the participatory nature of the process. However, The National Program of Systematic Land Registration uses almost exclusively fixed boundaries and does not have different standards of accuracy and procedures for incremental improvement. Registering the parcels earlier in the process, flexibility for accuracy, and technical standards and regulations for incremental improvement of the system can speed up the registration in a fit for purpose manner