Opportunities and Threats in Servıces Trade: EU and Turkey

Services sector has increasingly become important in the global economy, essentially due to its characteristic for being a dynamic component of other sectors in the knowledge era. New and different types of services such as data processing, conservation of energy, management of water have emerged and gained importance alongwith the other traditional services like tourism, finance and business services. Services have high shares in output, employment, and value added in the world economy; and have become subject to foreign trade and foreign investment in substantial volumes. The aim of this paper is to highlight the threats that the EU face when the liberalization of services trade, which is in fact a global phenomenon, is carried out within the scope of completing the Single Market; and to underline some of the opportunities that Turkey has in services trade. In accordance with the purpose of this paper, the importance of services trade in the economies of the EU and Turkey; the efforts of liberalization of services in the EU within the context of intra-trade and extra-trade of services; and the position of Turkey in services trade will be discussed by using an empirical and comparative method. Hizmetler, bilgi çagında diger sektörlerin dinamik bileseni olmasından dolayı, küresel ekonomide hızla artan bir öneme sahiptir. Turizm, ulasım, finans ve is hizmetleri gibi geleneksel hizmetlerin yanı sıra; veri isleme, enerji korunması, su yönetimi gibi yeni ve farklı hizmet türleri ortaya çıkmıstır. Hizmetler, dünya ekonomisinde; çıktı, istihdam ve katma deger bakımından yüksek oranlara sahiptir ve büyük hacimlerde dıs ticaret ve dıs yatırımlara konu olmaktadır. Hizmetler ticaretinin küresel bir olgu oldugundan hareketle, sadece Tek Pazar'ın tamamlanması düsüncesiyle hizmetlerde liberallesmenin AB için tehdit olusturacagı; Türkiye bakımından ise hizmetler dıs ticaretinde önemli fırsatların ortaya çıktıgının belirtilmesi, çalısmanın amacını olusturmaktadır. Bu amaca uygun olarak, ampirik verilere dayalı karsılastırmalı yöntemle, hizmetler ticaretinin AB ve Türkiye ekonomilerindeki agırlıgı; AB içi ve AB dısı ticaret baglamında hizmetlerde liberallesme çabaları; ve hizmetler dıs ticaretinde Türkiye'nin durumu ele alınmıstır

Viewpoint Preferences in Signing Children’s Spatial Descriptions

Contains fulltext : 162404.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access) Contains fulltext : 162404.pdf (preprint version ) (Open Access)The 40th Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development (BUCLD 40), 13 november 201

INEQUALITY IN TURKEY BY INCOME CATEGORIES

Income inequality has been observed across both advanced and emerging market economies for the last thirty years. The neoliberal policies has resulted in a significant change in the distribution of income and wealth around the world in favour of the top income receivers. Uneven distribution of income has recently been one of the main issues for researchers and policy makers. The reason why income inequality has been so high on the agenda is that because it has important consequences that erode social justice and peace in society. Rising inequality might damage economic growth, might pose a serious barrier to social development and hamper well-being, and might cause political instability. Income inequality can be observed and analysed from various perspectives, such as regions, cities, gender, education, family size, occupations, factors, status, etc. A different way of analysis of income inequality can be made by comprising and harmonising three categories of income, namely income by occupations, income by employment status, and types of income (functional income). In this way, a relative income index has been constituted to demonstrate the top income receivers from every income category. It has been found that the managers from the first category, employers from the second category, and entrepreuners, rent and interest receivers from the third category constitute the top income receivers. The aim of this paper is to highlight that the top income receivers from aforesaid three income categories contribute to income inequality the most in Turkey. It has been concluded that pro-equal public policies should be devised to reduce inequalities. Income inequality has been observed across both advanced and emerging market economies for the last thirty years. The neoliberal policies has resulted in a significant change in the distribution of income and wealth around the world in favour of the top income receivers. Uneven distribution of income has recently been one of the main issues for researchers and policy makers. The reason why income inequality has been so high on the agenda is that because it has important consequences that erode social justice and peace in society. Rising inequality might damage economic growth, might pose a serious barrier to social development and hamper well-being, and might cause political instability. Income inequality can be observed and analysed from various perspectives, such as regions, cities, gender, education, family size, occupations, factors, status, etc. A different way of analysis of income inequality can be made by comprising and harmonising three categories of income, namely income by occupations, income by employment status, and types of income (functional income). In this way, a relative income index has been constituted to demonstrate the top income receivers from every income category. It has been found that the managers from the first category, employers from the second category, and entrepreuners, rent and interest receivers from the third category constitute the top income receivers. The aim of this paper is to highlight that the top income receivers from aforesaid three income categories contribute to income inequality the most in Turkey. It has been concluded that pro-equal public policies should be devised to reduce inequalities.&nbsp

Early produced signs are iconic: Evidence from Turkish Sign Language

Motivated form-meaning mappings are pervasive in signlanguages, and iconicity has recently been shown to facilitatesign learning from early on. This study investigated the role oficonicity for language acquisition in Turkish Sign Language(TID). Participants were 43 signing children (aged 10 to 45months) of deaf parents. Sign production ability was recordedusing the adapted version of MacArthur Bates CommunicativeDevelopmental Inventory (CDI) consisting of 500 items forTID. Iconicity and familiarity ratings for a subset of 104 signswere available. Our results revealed that the iconicity of a signwas positively correlated with the percentage of childrenproducing a sign and that iconicity significantly predicted thepercentage of children producing a sign, independent offamiliarity or phonological complexity. Our results areconsistent with previous findings on sign language acquisitionand provide further support for the facilitating effect of iconicform-meaning mappings in sign learning

Effects of Delayed Language Exposure on Spatial Language Acquisition by Signing Children and Adults

Deaf children born to hearing parents are exposed to language input quite late, which has long-lasting effects on language production. Previous studies with deaf individuals mostly focused on linguistic expressions of motion events, which have several event components. We do not know if similar effects emerge in simple events such as descriptions of spatial configurations of objects. Moreover, previous data mainly come from late adult signers. There is not much known about language development of late signing children soon after learning sign language. We compared simple event descriptions of late signers of Turkish Sign Language (adults, children) to age-matched native signers. Our results indicate that while late signers in both age groups are native-like in frequency of expressing a relational encoding, they lag behind native signers in using morphologically complex linguistic forms compared to other simple forms. Late signing children perform similar to adults and thus showed no development over time