Note: Karyotype of Taphozous nudiventris cretzschmar, 1830 (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Turkey

[No abstract available]We are grateful to Ferhat Toprak, Hasan Karakaya, Dr. Ays¸egül Karatas¸, and Mehmet Ak (Nig^de University) for assistance during field research. I would like to thank two anonymous referees for their comments on the manuscript. This research was supported by the Nig^de University Research Fund, project Nr. 01.FEB.026

Karyology of three vespertilionid bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Turkey

The karyotypes of three vespertilionid bat species from Turkey were examined. The karyotypes of Eptesicus serotinus and Eptesicus bottae were found to be identical in diploid number (2n) and fundamental number of chromosomal arms (NF) with 2n = 50, NF = 52 and NFa = 48. The karyotypes were found as 2n = 42, NF = 54, and NFa = 50 for Nyctalus noctula. The karyological characteristics of E. bottae anatolicus and N. noctula were studied for the first time from Turkey

Contribution to karyology, distribution and taxonomic status of the long-winged bat, miniopterus schreibersii (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae), in Turkey

The distribution of the Long-winged Bat, Miniopterus schreibersii, in Turkey is described with the help of literature records and our own new records. The range extends all over the country, with populations in Thrace, the Marmara region and the western Black Sea region belonging to the nominate form, and those in the eastern Black Sea region, in Central, eastern, southern and south-eastern Anatolia to M. s. pallidus. The transition between the two subspecies occurs in a wide area extending from the Aegean region to the central Black Sea region, where intermediate forms exist. The karyotype was analysed from the western Black Sea region, and was found to be 2n= 46, FN= 52, FNa= 48, which is in conformity with the karyotype described from other parts of the distribution area of this species. © 2004 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Modelling of Turkey's net energy consumption using artificial neural network

The main goal of this study is to develop the equations for forecasting net energy consumption (NEC) using artificial neural network (ANN) technique in order to determine the future level of the energy consumption in Turkey. Two different models were used in order to train the neural network: (i) Population, gross generation, installed capacity and years are used in input layer of network (Model 1). (ii) Energy sources are used in input layer of network (Model 2). The NEC is in output layer for two models. R2 values for training data are equal to 0.99944 and 0.99913, for Model 1 and Model 2, respectively. Similarly, R2 values for testing data are equal to 0.997386 and 0.999558 for Model 1 and Model 2, respectively. According to the results, the NEC prediction using ANN technique will be helpful in developing highly applicable and productive planning for energy policies. Copyright © 2005 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd

Turkey's net energy consumption

The main goal of this study is to develop the equations for forecasting net energy consumption (NEC) using an artificial neural-network (ANN) technique in order to determine the future level of energy consumption in Turkey. In this study, two different models were used in order to train the neural network. In one of them, population, gross generation, installed capacity and years are used in the input layer of the network (Model 1). Other energy sources are used in input layer of network (Model 2). The net energy consumption is in the output layer for two models. Data from 1975 to 2003 are used for the training. Three years (1981, 1994 and 2003) are used only as test data to confirm this method. The statistical coefficients of multiple determinations (R 2-value) for training data are equal to 0.99944 and 0.99913 for Models 1 and 2, respectively. Similarly, R2 values for testing data are equal to 0.997386 and 0.999558 for Models 1 and 2, respectively. According to the results, the net energy consumption using the ANN technique has been predicted with acceptable accuracy. Apart from reducing the whole time required, with the ANN approach, it is possible to find solutions that make energy applications more viable and thus more attractive to potential users. It is also expected that this study will be helpful in developing highly applicable energy policies. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Karyotypes of seven rodents from jordan (mammalia: rodentia)

We present here data on the karyotypes of seven species of rodents from Jordan. The karyotype of Acomys dimidiatus was found to be 2n= 38, NF= 70; Acomys russatus russatus and A. r. lewisi 2n= 66, NF= 94; Apodemus flavicollis 2n= 48, NF= 48; Apodemus mystacinus 2n= 48, NF= 52; Meriones tristrami 2n= 72, NF= 76; Skeetamys calurus 2n= 38, NF= 70; Allactaga euphratica 2n= 48, NF= 96. Of these species, the karyotypes of A. flavicollis, A. mystacinus, S. calurus, and A. euphratica are here reported for the first time from Jordan. © 2008 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Karyology of three bat species of the genus myotis (m. myotis, m. bechsteinii, m. brandtii) (chiroptera: vespertilionidae) from Turkey

The karyotypes of three vespertilionid bat species from Turkey were examined. The karyotypes of these species were found as 2n=44, NF=54 and NFa=50 for Myotis myotis; 2n=42, NF=50, and NFa=46 for Myotis bechsteinii; 2n=44, NF=54, and NFa=50 for Myotis brand-tii. The M. brandtii karyotype of was studied for the first time for Turkey. Further details on the karyotype of M. bechsteinii, which had been described previously, are given. © 2007 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Acknowledgment. This study was supported by the Ni de University Research Fund (Nr. 01.FEB.21)

Two major clades of blind mole rats (Nannospalax sp.) revealed by mtDNA and microsatellite genotyping in Western and Central Turkey

The Anatolian and the Lesser blind mole rats (Nannospalax xanthodon and N. leucodon) are widely distributed in Anatolia and Thrace and feature remarkable diversity of chromosomal races. The evolutionary relationship among various cytotypes has not been fully resolved, and little is known about the genetic diversity at the population level. Traditionally, N. xanthodon is divided into Western and Central Anatolian phylogenetic clades, but the inclusion of particular cytotypes into one or the other clade still causes controversy, and the relationship of N. leucodon from Thrace to other Turkish populations is not known. We genotyped 67 and 62 individuals, sampled across Western Turkey, respectively at one mtDNA (1048 bp long fragment of cyt b) and ten highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. The population genetic structure was analyzed (i) in respect to previously assigned karyotype (cytotypes 2n = 38, 50, 52, 56 and 60 of N. xanthodon and 2n = 56 of N. leucodon) and geographic locality data, and (ii) without assuming any prior grouping. Both the phylogeny constructed from the cyt b sequence and the population structure revealed by the microsatellite genotyping revealed the presence of two major clades. The first included the Western Anatolian populations of N. xanthodon (cytotypes 2n = 38, 2n = 50 and 2n = 52), but also N. leucodon from Thrace (2n = 56). The second clade included the Central Anatolian populations of N. xanthodon with cytotypes 2n = 56 and 2n = 60. These findings support and refine the previously suggested relationships between 2n = 38, Thracian N. leucodon and 2n = 60 (Hadid et al., 2012). We also revealed higher genetic diversity, particularly within cytotype 2n = 38 (race anatolicus), and stronger population structuring within the Western Anatolian clade. In contrast, the microsatellite genotypes of two races in Central Anatolian clade (2n = 60 and 2n = 56 from Manisa province), showed less diversity and weaker population structure. © 2018 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Säugetierkunde2008-13-06-01, 2004-13-06-08 101T084, 106T225This study was supported by the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK 101T084 and 106T225 ), and Zonguldak Karaelmas University ( 2004-13-06-08 , 2008-13-06-01 ). We thank all colleagues at the Institute of Vertebrate Biology of Czech Academy of Sciences where the laboratory analysis was performed