252 research outputs found
Meta Reinforcement Learning with Latent Variable Gaussian Processes
Learning from small data sets is critical in many practical applications
where data collection is time consuming or expensive, e.g., robotics, animal
experiments or drug design. Meta learning is one way to increase the data
efficiency of learning algorithms by generalizing learned concepts from a set
of training tasks to unseen, but related, tasks. Often, this relationship
between tasks is hard coded or relies in some other way on human expertise. In
this paper, we frame meta learning as a hierarchical latent variable model and
infer the relationship between tasks automatically from data. We apply our
framework in a model-based reinforcement learning setting and show that our
meta-learning model effectively generalizes to novel tasks by identifying how
new tasks relate to prior ones from minimal data. This results in up to a 60%
reduction in the average interaction time needed to solve tasks compared to
strong baselines.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figure
The Translatory Wave Model for Landslides
The Saint-Venant equations are usually the basis of numerical models for landslide flows. They are nonstationary and nonlinear. The theory for translatory waves in a prismatic channel and a funneling channel can be used for landslides using the assumption of either turbulent or laminar flow in the slide. The mathematics of translatory waves traveling over dry land or superimposed on another flow are developed. This results in a new slope factor controlling the flow velocity, together with the Chezy coefficient used in previous applications of the translatory wave theory. Flow times for the slide to reach a given destination, slide depth, and velocity can be calculated using the initial magnitude of the flow in the slide. The instabilities of the wave tail are discussed. Three case studies are presented: a submarine slide that started the Tohoku tsunami in Japan, the Morsárjökull rock avalanche in SE Iceland, and the Móafellshyrna slide in central N Iceland
Meta reinforcement learning with latent variable Gaussian processes
Learning from small data sets is critical in many practical applications where data collection is time consuming or expensive, e.g., robotics, animal experiments or drug design. Meta learning is one way to increase the data efficiency of learning algorithms by generalizing learned concepts from a set of training tasks to unseen, but related, tasks. Often, this relationship between tasks is hard coded or relies in some other way on human expertise. In this paper, we frame meta learning as a hierarchical latent variable model and infer the relationship between tasks automatically from data. We apply our framework in a modelbased reinforcement learning setting and show that our meta-learning model effectively generalizes to novel tasks by identifying how new tasks relate to prior ones from minimal data. This results in up to a 60% reduction in the average interaction time needed to solve tasks compared to strong baselines
Probabilistic Active Meta-Learning
Data-efficient learning algorithms are essential in many practical
applications where data collection is expensive, e.g., in robotics due to the
wear and tear. To address this problem, meta-learning algorithms use prior
experience about tasks to learn new, related tasks efficiently. Typically, a
set of training tasks is assumed given or randomly chosen. However, this
setting does not take into account the sequential nature that naturally arises
when training a model from scratch in real-life: how do we collect a set of
training tasks in a data-efficient manner? In this work, we introduce task
selection based on prior experience into a meta-learning algorithm by
conceptualizing the learner and the active meta-learning setting using a
probabilistic latent variable model. We provide empirical evidence that our
approach improves data-efficiency when compared to strong baselines on
simulated robotic experiments
The influence of performance feedback and top management team orientation on decisions about R&D in technology-based firms
Actinomycosis in a 70 year old woman with a forgotten intrauterine contraceptive device
Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/OpenActinomycosis is an infectious disease that has been known since the late nineteenth century. In the pre-antibiotic era it was thought to be rather common but with increased use of antimicrobial agents its incidence has decreased significantly. The causative agent, most commonly Actinomyces israelii, is part of the commensal bacterial flora. It can infect any tissue, respects no tissue boundaries and can spread throughout the body. The clinical presentation of this illness can be similar to malignant disease and definite diagnosis is sometimes not apparent until after surgery and histologic examination. We report the case of a 71 year old woman who suffered from actinomycosis of the uterus and ovaries due to a forgotten intrauterine contraceptive device that had been in place for over four decades. The disease presentation was consistent with malignant disease and tumor markers, CA 125, CA 19-9 and CEA, measured in blood were elevated. She was treated successfully with total hysterectomy and bilateral salphingo-oophorectomy, as well as penicillin for six months.Geislagerlabólga (actinomycosis) er sjúkdómur sem þekktur hefur verið síðan um lok nítjándu aldar. Fyrir tíma sýklalyfja var hann fremur algengur, en með tilkomu sýklalyfja hefur verulega dregið úr algengi sjúkdómsins. Sýkillinn er oftast Actinomyces israelii og finnst víða í líkamanum sem hluti af eðlilegri bakteríuflóru. Hann getur lagst á alla vefi, virðir ekki hefðbundin vefjamörk og getur dreifst víða. Birtingarmynd sýkingarinnar getur verið áþekk krabbameini og oft liggur endanleg greining ekki fyrir fyrr en eftir skurðaðgerð og vefjarannsókn. Hér er lýst sjúkratilfelli þar sem 71 árs gömul kona fékk geislagerlabólgu í leg og eggjastokka út frá lykkju sem hafði verið til staðar í rúmlega fjóra áratugi og gleymst. Birtingarmynd sjúkdómsins var áþekk því að um krabbamein væri að ræða og voru æxlisvísarnir CA 125, CA19-9 og CEA hækkaðir. Konan var læknuð með brottnámi á legi og eggjastokkum ásamt penicillíngjöf í sex mánuði
Variational Integrator Networks for Physically Meaningful Embeddings
Learning workable representations of dynamical systems is becoming an increasingly important problem in a number of application
areas. By leveraging recent work connecting deep neural networks to systems of differential equations, we propose variational
integrator networks, a class of neural network
architectures designed to preserve the geometric structure of physical systems. This
class of network architectures facilitates accurate long-term prediction, interpretability,
and data-efficient learning, while still remaining highly flexible and capable of modeling
complex behavior. We demonstrate that they
can accurately learn dynamical systems from
both noisy observations in phase space and
from image pixels within which the unknown
dynamics are embedded
Learning Contact Dynamics using Physically Structured Neural Networks
Learning physically structured representations of dynamical systems that
include contact between different objects is an important problem for
learning-based approaches in robotics. Black-box neural networks can learn to
approximately represent discontinuous dynamics, but they typically require
large quantities of data and often suffer from pathological behaviour when
forecasting for longer time horizons. In this work, we use connections between
deep neural networks and differential equations to design a family of deep
network architectures for representing contact dynamics between objects. We
show that these networks can learn discontinuous contact events in a
data-efficient manner from noisy observations in settings that are
traditionally difficult for black-box approaches and recent physics inspired
neural networks. Our results indicate that an idealised form of touch feedback
-- which is heavily relied upon by biological systems -- is a key component of
making this learning problem tractable. Together with the inductive biases
introduced through the network architectures, our techniques enable accurate
learning of contact dynamics from observations
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