Temporal Structure and Technical-Tactical Actions in Padel Initation Stage

[Abstract] The aim of the study was to analyze the temporal structure and technical-tactical actions during padel matches between young players in the initiation stage and to compare the differences according to match outcome. A total of eight padel players (Age = 13.5 ± 1.4 years; Height = 1.51 ± 1.21 meters; Weight = 46.25 ± 4.51 kilos) participated in this study. Two matches were analyzed by systematic observation through software Lince. Variables analyzed were: technical-tactical actions (number of shots, number of points, type of technical action of the stroke, hitting trajectory, side of the court and effectiveness of the shot) and temporal structure (playing time and resting time). The results related to the analysis of the strokes showed that the serves, returns, forehand and forehand bottom wall are the most used strokes in the initiation stage. In addition, significant differences were found in relation to the hitting trajectory, with a cross-court direction being greater than the a down the line. On the other hand, the player on the right side made significantly more shots than the player on the left side. Regarding the temporal variables, the playing time represented 33%, while the resting time was 67% of the total playing time. These data can serve as a reference to padel coaches in the design of training adapted to the specific demands of padel at the initiation stage.[Resumen] El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la estructura temporal y las acciones técnico-tácticas en partidos de pádel de jóvenes jugadores en la etapa de iniciación y comparar las diferencias según el resultado del partido. La muestra de la investigación estuvo compuesta por un total de 8 jugadores (Edad = 13,5 ± 1,4 años; Altura = 1,51 ± 1,21 metros; Peso = 46,25 ± 4,51 kilos). Se analizaron un total de dos partidos mediante observación sistemática a través del software Lince. Las variables analizadas se fueron: acciones técnico-tácticas (número de golpes, número de puntos, tipo de acción técnica del golpeo, trayectoria de golpeo, lado de juego en la pista y eficacia del golpe) y estructura temporal (tiempo de juego y tiempo de descanso). Los resultados relacionados con el análisis de los golpeos mostraron que los saques, restos, derechas y pared de fondo de derecha son los golpeos más utilizados en la etapa de iniciación. Además, se encontraron diferencias significativas en relación a la trayectoria de golpeo, siendo mayor una trayectoria cruzada respecto a paralela. Por otro lado, el jugador del lado derecho realizó un número significativamente mayor de golpes que el del lado izquierdo. Con respecto a las variables temporales, el tiempo de juego representó el 33%, mientras que el tiempo de descanso fue del 67% del tiempo total de juego. Estos datos pueden servir de referencia a entrenadores y técnicos de pádel en el diseño de entrenamientos adaptados a las necesidades específicas del pádel en la etapa de indicación

Relación entre las funciones ejecutivas y el nivel de actividad física en estudiantes de la ESO y Bachillerato

The objective of this work was to know the relationship between the level of physical activity and executive functions (cognitive flexibility and inhibition); and the differences according to gender, age and type of sport practiced in students aged between 12 and 17 years old. The research sample consisted of 71 students (28 boys and 43 girls). The level of physical activity was evaluated through the Physician-based Assessment and Counseling for Exercise, cognitive flexibility through the Design Fluency Test, and for the inhibitory mechanisms the Stroop Test was used. The results of this work showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between hours of physical activity and cognitive flexibility in adolescents. In terms of gender, boys obtained significantly higher values of hours of physical activity. In addition, older students had significantly higher scores on executive functions. Finally, the students of collective sports show significantly higher values of hours of physical activity practice and cognitive flexibility.Centrándonos en estudiantes con edades comprendidas entre 12 y 17 años de edad, el objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer la relación entre el nivel de actividad física y las funciones ejecutivas (flexibilidad cognitiva e inhibición); así como las diferencias en función del género, edad y tipo de deporte practicado. La muestra de la investigación estuvo compuesta por 71 estudiantes (28 chicos y 43 chicas). El nivel de actividad física fue evaluado mediante el Physician-based Assessment and Counseling for Exercise, la flexibilidad cognitiva a través del Design Fluency Test, y para los mecanismos inhibitorios se utilizó el Test Stroop. Los resultados de este trabajo mostraron que existe una relación positiva y significativa entre las horas de actividad física y la flexibilidad cognitiva en adolescentes. En función del género, los chicos obtuvieron valores significativamente más altos de horas de actividad física. Además, los estudiantes de mayor edad presentaron unas puntuaciones significativamente mayores en las funciones ejecutivas. Finalmente, los estudiantes de deportes colectivos muestran valores significativamente mayores de horas de práctica de actividad física y de flexibilidad cognitiva

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

Discovering HIV related information by means of association rules and machine learning

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is still one of the main health problems worldwide. It is therefore essential to keep making progress in improving the prognosis and quality of life of affected patients. One way to advance along this pathway is to uncover connections between other disorders associated with HIV/AIDS-so that they can be anticipated and possibly mitigated. We propose to achieve this by using Association Rules (ARs). They allow us to represent the dependencies between a number of diseases and other specific diseases. However, classical techniques systematically generate every AR meeting some minimal conditions on data frequency, hence generating a vast amount of uninteresting ARs, which need to be filtered out. The lack of manually annotated ARs has favored unsupervised filtering, even though they produce limited results. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised system, able to identify relevant ARs among HIV-related diseases with a minimal amount of annotated training data. Our system has been able to extract a good number of relationships between HIV-related diseases that have been previously detected in the literature but are scattered and are often little known. Furthermore, a number of plausible new relationships have shown up which deserve further investigation by qualified medical experts

How do women living with HIV experience menopause? Menopausal symptoms, anxiety and depression according to reproductive age in a multicenter cohort

CatedresBackground: To estimate the prevalence and severity of menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression and to assess the differences according to menopausal status among women living with HIV aged 45-60 years from the cohort of Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). Methods: Women were interviewed by phone between September 2017 and December 2018 to determine whether they had experienced menopausal symptoms and anxiety/depression. The Menopause Rating Scale was used to evaluate the prevalence and severity of symptoms related to menopause in three subscales: somatic, psychologic and urogenital; and the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire was used for anxiety/depression. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of association between menopausal status, and other potential risk factors, the presence and severity of somatic, psychological and urogenital symptoms and of anxiety/depression. Results: Of 251 women included, 137 (54.6%) were post-, 70 (27.9%) peri- and 44 (17.5%) pre-menopausal, respectively. Median age of onset menopause was 48 years (IQR 45-50). The proportions of pre-, peri- and post-menopausal women who had experienced any menopausal symptoms were 45.5%, 60.0% and 66.4%, respectively. Both peri- and post-menopause were associated with a higher likelihood of having somatic symptoms (aOR 3.01; 95% CI 1.38-6.55 and 2.63; 1.44-4.81, respectively), while post-menopause increased the likelihood of having psychological (2.16; 1.13-4.14) and urogenital symptoms (2.54; 1.42-4.85). By other hand, post-menopausal women had a statistically significant five-fold increase in the likelihood of presenting severe urogenital symptoms than pre-menopausal women (4.90; 1.74-13.84). No significant differences by menopausal status were found for anxiety/depression. Joint/muscle problems, exhaustion and sleeping disorders were the most commonly reported symptoms among all women. Differences in the prevalences of vaginal dryness (p = 0.002), joint/muscle complaints (p = 0.032), and sweating/flush (p = 0.032) were found among the three groups. Conclusions: Women living with HIV experienced a wide variety of menopausal symptoms, some of them initiated before women had any menstrual irregularity. We found a higher likelihood of somatic symptoms in peri- and post-menopausal women, while a higher likelihood of psychological and urogenital symptoms was found in post-menopausal women. Most somatic symptoms were of low or moderate severity, probably due to the good clinical and immunological situation of these women

COVID-19 in hospitalized HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients : A matched study

CatedresObjectives: We compared the characteristics and clinical outcomes of hospitalized individuals with COVID-19 with [people with HIV (PWH)] and without (non-PWH) HIV co-infection in Spain during the first wave of the pandemic. Methods: This was a retrospective matched cohort study. People with HIV were identified by reviewing clinical records and laboratory registries of 10 922 patients in active-follow-up within the Spanish HIV Research Network (CoRIS) up to 30 June 2020. Each hospitalized PWH was matched with five non-PWH of the same age and sex randomly selected from COVID-19@Spain, a multicentre cohort of 4035 patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19. The main outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Results: Forty-five PWH with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 were identified in CoRIS, 21 of whom were hospitalized. A total of 105 age/sex-matched controls were selected from the COVID-19@Spain cohort. The median age in both groups was 53 (Q1-Q3, 46-56) years, and 90.5% were men. In PWH, 19.1% were injecting drug users, 95.2% were on antiretroviral therapy, 94.4% had HIV-RNA < 50 copies/mL, and the median (Q1-Q3) CD4 count was 595 (349-798) cells/μL. No statistically significant differences were found between PWH and non-PWH in number of comorbidities, presenting signs and symptoms, laboratory parameters, radiology findings and severity scores on admission. Corticosteroids were administered to 33.3% and 27.4% of PWH and non-PWH, respectively (P = 0.580). Deaths during admission were documented in two (9.5%) PWH and 12 (11.4%) non-PWH (P = 0.800). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that well-controlled HIV infection does not modify the clinical presentation or worsen clinical outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalization