Elaboración de un programa de bilingüismo, para la implementación del turismo idiomático en el municipio de Zipaquirá

Aumentar en uno, los procesos de aprendizaje en lenguas modernas enfocado al turismo idiomático, para fortalecer la economía y turismo en el municipio de Zipaquirá en el año 2019.Después de hacer un análisis del entorno turístico en el Municipio de Zipaquirá, se evidencia una alta necesidad en los actores de este sector, para interactuar de manera oral con el turista extranjero que no domina el idioma local. Estos actores tienen la necesidad de mejorar la experiencia del turista, para que se convierta en embajador de la región ante el mundo y convoque nueva población con deseo de visitar el municipio y vivir una experiencia memorable. Es necesario entonces, hacer una revisión de la importancia de conocer un segundo idioma y la repercusión que tiene este en los distintos ámbitos de la sociedad, y cómo el inglés se ha convertido en el idioma más estudiado en el mundo. Estos dos conceptos (turismo e idiomas) encuentran su unión en el turismo idiomático, un fenómeno relativamente reciente, en el que los individuos buscan el perfeccionamiento o aprendizaje de un idioma extranjero a través del turismo. El turismo idiomático, es un tipo de turismo con dos objetivos para los individuos que lo realizan, el aprendizaje de un idioma a través de la inmersión lingüística en un país extranjero, y el disfrute del mismo a través del turismo

Elaboración de un programa de bilingüismo, para la implementación del turismo idiomático en el municipio de Zipaquirá

Aumentar en uno, los procesos de aprendizaje en lenguas modernas enfocado al turismo idiomático, para fortalecer la economía y turismo en el municipio de Zipaquirá en el año 2019.Después de hacer un análisis del entorno turístico en el Municipio de Zipaquirá, se evidencia una alta necesidad en los actores de este sector, para interactuar de manera oral con el turista extranjero que no domina el idioma local. Estos actores tienen la necesidad de mejorar la experiencia del turista, para que se convierta en embajador de la región ante el mundo y convoque nueva población con deseo de visitar el municipio y vivir una experiencia memorable. Es necesario entonces, hacer una revisión de la importancia de conocer un segundo idioma y la repercusión que tiene este en los distintos ámbitos de la sociedad, y cómo el inglés se ha convertido en el idioma más estudiado en el mundo. Estos dos conceptos (turismo e idiomas) encuentran su unión en el turismo idiomático, un fenómeno relativamente reciente, en el que los individuos buscan el perfeccionamiento o aprendizaje de un idioma extranjero a través del turismo. El turismo idiomático, es un tipo de turismo con dos objetivos para los individuos que lo realizan, el aprendizaje de un idioma a través de la inmersión lingüística en un país extranjero, y el disfrute del mismo a través del turismo

Evolving trends in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 waves. The ACIE appy II study

Background: In 2020, ACIE Appy study showed that COVID-19 pandemic heavily affected the management of patients with acute appendicitis (AA) worldwide, with an increased rate of non-operative management (NOM) strategies and a trend toward open surgery due to concern of virus transmission by laparoscopy and controversial recommendations on this issue. The aim of this study was to survey again the same group of surgeons to assess if any difference in management attitudes of AA had occurred in the later stages of the outbreak. Methods: From August 15 to September 30, 2021, an online questionnaire was sent to all 709 participants of the ACIE Appy study. The questionnaire included questions on personal protective equipment (PPE), local policies and screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection, NOM, surgical approach and disease presentations in 2021. The results were compared with the results from the previous study. Results: A total of 476 answers were collected (response rate 67.1%). Screening policies were significatively improved with most patients screened regardless of symptoms (89.5% vs. 37.4%) with PCR and antigenic test as the preferred test (74.1% vs. 26.3%). More patients tested positive before surgery and commercial systems were the preferred ones to filter smoke plumes during laparoscopy. Laparoscopic appendicectomy was the first option in the treatment of AA, with a declined use of NOM. Conclusion: Management of AA has improved in the last waves of pandemic. Increased evidence regarding SARS-COV-2 infection along with a timely healthcare systems response has been translated into tailored attitudes and a better care for patients with AA worldwide

Premorbid Adjustment and IQ in Patients with First-Episode Psychosis:A Multisite Case-Control Study of Their Relationship with Cannabis Use

Psychotic patients with a lifetime history of cannabis use generally show better cognitive functioning than other psychotic patients. Some authors suggest that cannabis-using patients may have been less cognitively impaired and less socially withdrawn in their premorbid life. Using a dataset comprising 948 patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) and 1313 population controls across 6 countries, we examined the extent to which IQ and both early academic (Academic Factor [AF]) and social adjustment (Social Factor [SF]) are related to the lifetime frequency of cannabis use in both patients and controls. We expected a higher IQ and a better premorbid social adjustment in psychotic patients who had ever used cannabis compared to patients without any history of use. We did not expect such differences in controls. In both patients and controls, IQ was 3 points higher among occasional-users than in never-users (mean difference [Mdiff] = 2.9, 95% CI = [1.2, 4.7]). Both cases and control daily-users had lower AF compared to occasional (Mdiff = −0.3, 95% CI = [−0.5; −0.2]) and never-users (Mdiff = −0.4, 95% CI = [−0.6; −0.2]). Finally, patient occasional (Mdiff = 0.3, 95% CI = [0.1; 0.5]) and daily-users (Mdiff = 0.4, 95% CI = [0.2; 0.6]) had better SF than their never-using counterparts. This difference was not present in controls (Fgroup*frequency(2, 2205) = 4.995, P = .007). Our findings suggest that the better premorbid social functioning of FEP with a history of cannabis use may have contributed to their likelihood to begin using cannabis, exposing them to its reported risk-increasing effects for Psychotic Disorders

Evolving trends in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 waves. The ACIE appy II study (vol 46, pg 2021, 2022)

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Global attitudes in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 pandemic: ACIE Appy Study

Background: Surgical strategies are being adapted to face the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations on the management of acute appendicitis have been based on expert opinion, but very little evidence is available. This study addressed that dearth with a snapshot of worldwide approaches to appendicitis. Methods: The Association of Italian Surgeons in Europe designed an online survey to assess the current attitude of surgeons globally regarding the management of patients with acute appendicitis during the pandemic. Questions were divided into baseline information, hospital organization and screening, personal protective equipment, management and surgical approach, and patient presentation before versus during the pandemic. Results: Of 744 answers, 709 (from 66 countries) were complete and were included in the analysis. Most hospitals were treating both patients with and those without COVID. There was variation in screening indications and modality used, with chest X-ray plus molecular testing (PCR) being the commonest (19\ub78 per cent). Conservative management of complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis was used by 6\ub76 and 2\ub74 per cent respectively before, but 23\ub77 and 5\ub73 per cent, during the pandemic (both P < 0\ub7001). One-third changed their approach from laparoscopic to open surgery owing to the popular (but evidence-lacking) advice from expert groups during the initial phase of the pandemic. No agreement on how to filter surgical smoke plume during laparoscopy was identified. There was an overall reduction in the number of patients admitted with appendicitis and one-third felt that patients who did present had more severe appendicitis than they usually observe. Conclusion: Conservative management of mild appendicitis has been possible during the pandemic. The fact that some surgeons switched to open appendicectomy may reflect the poor guidelines that emanated in the early phase of SARS-CoV-2