La formación de docentes en pregrado, para el trabajo con multigrado en zonas rurales. (Original)

In the research, the authors work the problem of inadequacies in the teacher's professional training to work with multiple class. Meanwhile, the objectives are framed, firstly, to critically analyze the theoretical references that have been reviewed on the subject discussed and secondly, to propose a didactic alternative to structure the teaching-learning process in multigrade classrooms so that it is favored, and facilitate and improve the scientific-pedagogical work of teachers. In this regard, to structure said process in this context, a thematic plan is offered for those in initial training. Here the main issues to be addressed in the overcoming are incorporated, depending on the interests that exist in the aforementioned space. In this particular, the most relevant value that is fostered is equity, when assessing with a professional attitude, how education should be directed towards equal opportunity in the conditions of the pedagogical process of the sector where the school is conceived as a space for the integration of all social areas. To carry out the research in question, two groups of methods were used: the theoretical. Of which the analytic-synthetic, inductive-deductive, hermeneutical and modelation were used, fundamentally; and that of the empirical. Of the latter, the following were used: observation, documentary study, interviews and questionnaire. In addition, the criteria of specialists and users were used to assess this proposal. Meanwhile, the experimentation allowed to verify in pedagogical practice the value of the proposed didactic actions.En la investigación, los autores atienden el problema de las insuficiencias en la formación profesional del maestro para trabajar con grados múltiples. Por tanto, los objetivos se enmarcan, primero, en analizar críticamente los referentes teóricos que sobre el asunto tratado se han revisado y en segundo lugar, proponer una alternativa didáctica para estructurar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en aulas multigrados de manera que este favorezca, facilite y perfeccione la labor científico-pedagógica de los docentes. Al respecto, para estructurar dicho proceso en este contexto, se ofrece un plan temático para los que están en formación inicial. Aquí se incorporan los principales temas a abordar en la superación, en dependencia de los intereses que en el espacio referido existan. En este particular, el valor más relevante que se propicia es la equidad, al valorar con una actitud profesional, cómo la educación debe dirigirse hacia la igualdad de oportunidad en las condiciones del proceso pedagógico del sector donde se concibe la escuela como espacio de integración de todos los ámbitos sociales. Para la concreción del estudio en cuestión, se emplearon dos grupos de métodos: los teóricos y los empíricos. De los cuales se utilizaron, en el primer caso fundamentalmente, el analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo, hermenéutico y la modelación. De los últimos se emplearon: la observación, estudio documental, entrevistas y cuestionario. Además se recurrió a criterios de especialistas y usuarios para valorar dicha propuesta. En tanto, la experimentación permitió comprobar en la práctica pedagógica el valor de las acciones didácticas propuestas

La comprensión del título en la educación primaria para el desarrollo reflexivo de los alumnos. (Original)

The teaching material presented in this article contains the results of the master's thesis of the main author. In summary, it tackle the development of the textual comprehension with emphasis on the title as a paratextual element in third and fourth grades of Primary Education, in response to the new School Model. It has the objective of proposing a system of activities based on the textual understanding with a communicative intention and purpose aimed at achieving a more reflexive and efficient communicator. The communicative and sociocultural cognitive approach, based on textual linguistics, is assumed as theoretical references. The philosophical-psychological-pedagogical, linguistics and methodological views were taken into account. It assumes a population of 23 students, 11 of third and fourth grades of primary education belonging to the Democratic Republic of Korea school in Palenque Yateras. Likewise, the three teachers and the same number of managers in both cases, the 100% as the sample for the study. The investigation in question allowed to specify the state of the art in this aspect, secondly, to propose - from the diagnosis that was made – a system of practical actions, as elements to achieve the desired state. Said research helps to update the issue of which it deals and draws attention to the occupation of teachers in their systematic treatment.El material docente que se presenta en el presente artículo, contiene los resultados de la tesis de maestría de la autora principal. En síntesis, aborda el desarrollo de la  comprensión textual con énfasis en el título como elemento paratextual en tercero y cuarto grados de la Educación Primaria, como respuesta al nuevo Modelo de Escuela. Este tiene el objetivo de proponer un sistema de actividades sustentadas en la comprensión textual con una intención y finalidad comunicativa encaminada al logro de un  comunicador más reflexivo y eficiente. Se asume como referentes teóricos el enfoque cognitivo comunicativo y sociocultural, fundamentado  en la lingüística textual. Se tuvo en cuenta los puntos de vistas filosóficos-psicológicos-pedagógicos, lingüísticos y metodológicos. Se asume de una población de 23 estudiantes, los 11 de tercero y cuarto grados de la enseñanza primaria que pertenecen al centro escolar República Democrática de Corea de Palenque Yateras. Asimismo, los tres maestros e igual número de directivos, en ambos casos, el 100% como la muestra para la realización del estudio. La investigación en cuestión permitió precisar el estado del arte en dicho aspecto, en segundo lugar, se propuso -desde el diagnóstico que se realizó- un sistema de acciones prácticas, como elemento para lograr el estado deseado. Dicha investigación, contribuye a actualizar el asunto del cual trata y llama la atención alrededor de la ocupación de los maestros en su tratamiento sistemático

Otra mirada a la orientación profesional vocacional con el concurso de la triada escuela-familia-comunidad (Original).

In the research the authors work as a fundamental problem, the insufficiencies that occur in the relationship of the school-family-community triad for the vocational professional guidance in Special Education dedicated to students with intellectual disabilities. For this, it is proposed as objectives: first, to analyze the references on which this problem is based. On the other hand, to offer a diagnosis of the current situation of the phenomenon, in the special school Salvador García Agüero de Palenque de Yateras. The research that is presented is significant to promote adequate attention to diversity as required by Cuban education, since it is carried out in complex circumstances and environment. The diagnosis give elements that allow to elaborate the alternative, directed to solve the insufficiencies that as continuity of the investigation, have intended the authors. In it are reflected the shortcomings that in practice occur in the school under study.En la investigación los autores trabajan como problema fundamental, las insuficiencias que se dan en la relación de la triada escuela-familia-comunidad para la orientación profesional vocacional en la Educación Especial, dedicada a los educandos con discapacidad intelectual. Para esto se propone como objetivos: analizar los referentes en que se sustenta dicho problema y ofrecer un diagnóstico de la situación actual del fenómeno, en la escuela especial Salvador García Agüero de Palenque de Yateras. La investigación que se presenta es significativa para propiciar la atención adecuada a la diversidad como exige la educación cubana, por cuanto se realiza en circunstancias y entorno complejos. El diagnóstico da elementos que permiten elaborar la alternativa, dirigida a solucionar las insuficiencias que como continuidad de la investigación, tienen previsto los autores; en él se reflejan las carencias que en la práctica se dan en la escuela objeto de estudio

Las relaciones interdisciplinarias en el trabajo metodológico de los equipos multi e interdisciplinarios. (Original)

The treated problem in the investigation refers to how to improve the dynamics of the Party School System; especially in Guantanamo. It proposes to provide a didactic methodology to integrate knowledge-learning. Here, the methodological role of the multi and interdisciplinary Team for the achievement of such relationships and approaches is emphasized. It is used as a population and sample the 24 professors belonging to the two teaching departments of the Provincial School "Israel Reyes Zayas". This research helps to analyze the contributions of other authors regarding the specific topic. Likewise, propose methodological recommendations that allow perfecting the field that is being worked on an d to give proposals based on the critical-proactive systematization of the referred contributions. It also facilitates greater integration in the teaching results of the center in question.El problema tratado en la investigación se refiere a cómo perfeccionar la dinámica del Sistema de Escuelas del Partido; especialmente en Guantánamo. En él se propone aportar una metodología didáctica para integrar conocimiento-aprendizaje. Aquí se enfatiza en el papel metodológico del Equipo multi e interdisciplinario para el logro de relaciones y enfoques de tal índole. Se utiliza como población y muestra los 24 profesores pertenecientes a los dos departamentos docentes de la Escuela Provincial “Israel Reyes Zayas”. Esta investigación contribuye a analizar los aportes de otros autores respecto al tema específico. Igualmente, propone recomendaciones metodológicas que permiten perfeccionar el campo que se trabaja y dar propuestas sustentadas en la sistematización crítico-propositiva de los aportes referidos. Asimismo, facilita mayor integración en los resultados docentes del centro en cuestión

Martí, un ejemplo de comunicador político para los dirigentes cubanos. (Ensayo)

Knowledge of the different dimensions of Marti’s work is essential to the construction of socialism in Cuba. In this regard, in the article, the authors work on the problem of political communication in José Martí. The article aims at analyzing elements of the Apostle's transcendence as a political communicator and his influence on the work of the leaders. The investigation shows the characteristic aspects of the Martian work referred by different authors. It also provides arguments that show the previously proposed aspects seen by the researchers themselves at work. On the other hand, the study specifies the validity of Martí’s work as content of political communication in Cuba today. All this contributes to the characterization of this phenomenon in the work of the Cuban Revolution.El conocimiento de las diferentes dimensiones de la obra martiana es consustancial a la construcción del socialismo en Cuba. Al respecto, en el artículo, los autores trabajan el problema de la comunicación política en José Martí.  Estos, plantean como objetivo: analizar elementos de la transcendencia del Apóstol como comunicador político y su influencia en la labor de los dirigentes. Esta investigación muestra los aspectos característicos de la obra martiana referido por diferentes autores. Asimismo, brinda argumentos que muestran los aspectos propuestos anteriormente vistos por los propios investigadores en el trabajo. Por otro lado, el estudio precisa la vigencia de la obra martiana como contenido de la comunicación política en la Cuba actual. Todo ello contribuye con la caracterización de este fenómeno en la obra de la Revolución Cubana

Glucosylpolyphenols as Inhibitors of Aβ-Induced Fyn Kinase Activation and Tau Phosphorylation: Synthesis, Membrane Permeability, and Exploratory Target Assessment within the Scope of Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease

Despite the rapidly increasing number of patients suffering from type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and diabetes-induced dementia, there are no disease-modifying therapies that are able to prevent or block disease progress. In this work, we investigate the potential of nature-inspired glucosylpolyphenols against relevant targets, including islet amyloid polypeptide, glucosidases, and cholinesterases. Moreover, with the premise of Fyn kinase as a paradigm-shifting target in Alzheimer's drug discovery, we explore glucosylpolyphenols as blockers of Aβ-induced Fyn kinase activation while looking into downstream effects leading to Tau hyperphosphorylation. Several compounds inhibit Aβ-induced Fyn kinase activation and decrease pTau levels at 10 μM concentration, particularly the per-O-methylated glucosylacetophloroglucinol and the 4-glucosylcatechol dibenzoate, the latter inhibiting also butyrylcholinesterase and β-glucosidase. Both compounds are nontoxic with ideal pharmacokinetic properties for further development. This work ultimately highlights the multitarget nature, fine structural tuning capacity, and valuable therapeutic significance of glucosylpolyphenols in the context of these metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders.European Commission GA 612347Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia SFRH/BD/93170/2013, SFRH/BD/116614/2016, PD/BD/142847/2018, SFRH/BD/145600/2019, CEECIND/03414/2018, CEECIND/02300/2017, UIDB/00100/2020, UIDB/04046/2020, UIDB/04378/2020, IF/00780/2015Gobierno de España CTQ2016-78703-PJunta de Andalucía FQM13

Are motivational and self-regulation factors associated with 12 months’ weight regain prevention in the NoHoW study? An analysis of European adults

© The Author(s) 2023. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecom‑ mons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the dataPurpose: Preventing weight regain can only be achieved by sustained changes in energy balance-related behaviors that are associated with weight, such as diet and physical activity. Changes in motivation and self-regulatory skills can support long-term behavioral changes in the context of weight loss maintenance. We propose that experiencing a supportive climate care is associated with enhanced satisfaction of basic psychological needs, intrinsic goals, and autonomous motivation. These factors are expected to be associate with the utilization of self-regulation skills, leading to more sustained behavior changes and ultimately preventing weight regain. This hypothesis was tested in this ancillary analysis of the NoHoW trial, where the study arms were pooled and followed for 12 months. Methods: The NoHoW was a three-center, large-scale weight regain prevention full factorial trial. In this longitudinal study, data were collected in adults who lost > 5% weight in the past year (N = 870, complete data only, 68.7% female, 44.10 ± 11.86 years, 84.47 ± 17.03 kg) during their participation in a 12-month digital behavior change intervention. Weight and validated measures of motivational- and self-regulatory skills-related variables were collected at baseline, six- and 12 months. Change variables were used in Mplus' path analytical models informed by NoHoW's logic model. Results: The bivariate correlations confirmed key mediators' potential effect on weight outcomes in the expected causal direction. The primary analysis showed that a quarter of the variance (r2 = 23.5%) of weight regain prevention was achieved via the mechanisms of action predicted in the logic model. Specifically, our results show that supportive climate care is associated with needs satisfaction and intrinsic goal content leading to better weight regain prevention via improvements in self-regulatory skills and exercise-controlled motivation. The secondary analysis showed that more mechanisms of action are significant in participants who regained or maintained their weight. Conclusions: These results contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of action leading to behavior change in weight regain prevention. The most successful participants used only a few intrinsic motivation-related mechanisms of action, suggesting that habits may have been learned. While developing a digital behavior change intervention, researchers and practitioners should consider creating supportive climate care to improve needs satisfaction and intrinsic goal contents. Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN88405328 , registered 12/22/2016.The NoHoW study has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant agreement number 643309).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Combined search for the quarks of a sequential fourth generation

Results are presented from a search for a fourth generation of quarks produced singly or in pairs in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 inverse femtobarns recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2011. A novel strategy has been developed for a combined search for quarks of the up and down type in decay channels with at least one isolated muon or electron. Limits on the mass of the fourth-generation quarks and the relevant Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements are derived in the context of a simple extension of the standard model with a sequential fourth generation of fermions. The existence of mass-degenerate fourth-generation quarks with masses below 685 GeV is excluded at 95% confidence level for minimal off-diagonal mixing between the third- and the fourth-generation quarks. With a mass difference of 25 GeV between the quark masses, the obtained limit on the masses of the fourth-generation quarks shifts by about +/- 20 GeV. These results significantly reduce the allowed parameter space for a fourth generation of fermions.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO