508 research outputs found
Vehicular Systems Technologies: Challenges and Trends Across Transportation Means
The work is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, under the
Ramon y Cajal Program (Grant No. RYC-2017-23823) and the project PERSEIDES (Grant No.TIN2017-86885-R);
the BBVA Foundation, under the 2018 Leonardo Grant for Researchers and Cultural Creators; and by the European
Commission, under the projects IoTCrawler (Grant No. 779852), 5G-MOBIX (Grant No. 825496) and Pharaon
(Grant No. 857188).
First of all, we would like to thank all researchers who submitted articles to this special issue for their excellent contributions. We are also grateful to all reviewers who helped in the evaluation of the manuscripts and made valuable suggestions to improve the quality of contributions. We would like to acknowledge the editorial board of Electronics, who invited us to guest edit this special issue. We are also grateful to the Electronics Editorial Office staff who worked thoroughly to maintain the rigorous peer-review schedule and timely publication
Sweet Cherry Byproducts Processed by Green Extraction Techniques as a Source of Bioactive Compounds with Antiaging Properties
Authors thank GRAFOR BIOTECH S.L. by its support to the project.In the cosmetic industry, there is a continuous demand for new and innovative ingredients
for product development. In the context of continual renovation, both cosmetic companies and
customers are particularly interested in compounds derived from natural sources due to their multiple
benefits. In this study, novel and green-extractive techniques (pressurized solvent, supercritical
CO2, and subcritical water extractions) were used to obtain three new extracts from sweet
cherry stems, a byproduct generated by the food industry. The extracts were characterized by
high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry
(HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS), and 57 compounds, mainly flavonoids but also organic and phenolic acids,
fatty acids, and terpenes, were identified. After analytical characterization, a multistep screening
approach, including antioxidant, enzymatic, and photoprotective cellular studies, was used to select
the best extract according to its benefits of interest to the cosmetics industry. The extract obtained
with supercritical CO2 presented the best characteristics, including a wide antioxidant capacity,
especially against lipid peroxyl and •OH free radicals, as well as relevant photoprotective action and
antiaging properties, making it a potential new ingredient for consideration in the development of
new cosmetics.This research was funded by projects RTI2018-096724-B-C21 and 2018-096724-B-C22 from the Spanish
Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities; APOSTD/2018/097 fellowship from Generalitat Valenciana to
M.H-.L. and CIBER (CB12/03/30038, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn)
Effect of Microwave and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction on the Phytochemical and In Vitro Biological Properties ofWillow (Salix alba) Bark Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts
White willow (Salix alba) is a medicinal plant used in folk medicine. In this study, aqueous
and ethanolic willow bark extracts were obtained via ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) and
microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and analyzed regarding their phytochemical (total phenolics,
phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins) content and in vitro biological properties (antibacterial and
antifungal activity, acetylcholinesterase AChE inhibitory activity and anti-inflammatory effects).
The highest phenolic, tannin, and flavonoid contents were found for willow bark extracts obtained
via microwave-assisted extraction using ethanol as a solvent (SA-ME). The polyphenol load of
all MAE and UAE extracts was higher when conventional solid–liquid extraction was applied
(r < 0.05). The antioxidant capacities were stronger for microwave-assisted ethanolic extracts, with
the lowest IC50 values of 12 g/mL for DPPH and a value of 16 g/mL for ABTS +, whereas the
conventional extraction had the highest IC50 values (22 g/mL and 28 g/mL, respectively). Willow
bark extract showed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.
AChE inhibitory activity was dependent on the extraction method and solvent used, and the highest
inhibition among samples was observed for SA-ME. Taken altogether, our findings suggest that willow
(Salix alba) bark extract obtained via ethanolic microwave-assisted extraction is a phytochemical-rich
resource with in vitro, anti-inflammatory, and AchE inhibitory properties and, therefore, potential
multiple medicinal end-uses.NCSU faculty start-up funds (M.M. 411050-02834)Junta de Extremadura (ref. GR21121—AGA008)European
Regional Development Fund (FEDER)University National of Agriculture (Honduras) (Ref.
C-DSIP-008-2023-UNAG
Artichoke By-Products as Natural Source of Phenolic Food Ingredient
Nowadays, the transformation activity of the food industry results in the generation
of a huge amount of daily discarded vegetables wastes. One of those undervalued by-products
are produced during the post-harvesting and processing process of artichokes. In the present
research, the potential of artichokes’ bracts and stalks have been evaluated as a natural source
of phenolic compounds which could be used as bioactive food ingredients, among others. In
this study, the bioactive composition of those wastes has been evaluated using recent advances
in extraction and analytical technologies, concretely, pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) followed
by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to electrospray time-of flight mass
spectrometry (ESI-TOF/MS) analysis. To achieve this goal, first, the extraction process was evaluated
by a comparative study using GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) solvents (mixtures of ethanol
and water) at different temperatures (40–200 ◦C). The second step was to deeply characterize the
composition of individual polyphenols by HPLC-ESI-TOF/MS in order to establish a comparison
among the different PLE conditions applied to extract the phenolic fraction. The analysis revealed
a wide variety of phenolic-composition, mainly phenolic acids and flavonoids. The results also
highlighted that high percentages of ethanol and medium-high temperatures pointed out to be
useful PLE conditions for recovering this kind of phytochemicals, which could be used in different
applications, such as functional food ingredients, cosmetics, or nutraceuticals
Formulation of Protein-Rich Chocolate Chip Cookies Using Cricket (Acheta domesticus) Powder
In theWestern world, the successful introduction of insect consumption may need awareness
of insect ingredient benefits, and consumers’ anticipation of insect-based foods with sensory
quality is crucial. The objective of this study was to develop protein-rich nutritional chocolate chip
cookies (CCC) from cricket powder (CP) and analyze their physicochemical, liking, emotions, purchase
intent, and sensory properties. The CP additions levels were 0%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. Chemical
composition, physicochemical, and functional properties were analyzed using individual and mixed
CP and wheat flour (WF). The proximate composition of CP mainly consisted of ash (3.9%), fat
(13.4%), and protein (60.7%). In vitro protein digestibility of CP was 85.7%, whereas the essential
amino acid score was 0.82. The CP inclusion significantly impacted the WF functional and rheological
properties in all given incorporation levels in flour blends and doughs. The incorporation of CP
produced darker and softer CCC, resulting from the effect of the CP protein. Adding 5% of CP did not
impact the sensory attributes. Purchase intent and liking improved by using 5% of CP after panelists
had revealed the beneficial information regarding CP. Concerning emotion terms, “happy” and
“satisfied” significantly decreased while the negative emotion term “disgusted” increased among the
highest CP substitute levels (7.5% and 10%) after beneficial information. Overall liking, flavor linking,
education, consumption intent, gender, age, and positive emotion term “happy” were significantly
assertive predictors affecting purchase intent.Hatch fund at Universidad National de Agriculture AL-UNAG-028-202
Water Extract of Cryphaea heteromalla (Hedw.) D. Mohr Bryophyte as a Natural Powerful Source of Biologically Active Compounds
Bryophytes comprise of the mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Cryphaea heteromalla,
(Hedw.) D. Mohr, is a non-vascular lower plant belonging to mosses group. To the date, the most
chemically characterized species belong to the liverworts, while only 3.2% and 8.8% of the species
belonging to the mosses and hornworts, respectively, have been investigated. In this work, we present
Folin–Ciocalteu and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) data related to crude extracts of C.
heteromalla obtained by three di erent extraction solvents: pure water (WT), methanol:water (80:20
v/v) (MET), and ethanol:water (80:20 v/v) (ETH). The water extract proved to be the best solvent
showing the highest content of biophenols and the highest ORAC value. The C. heteromalla-WT
extract was investigated by HPLC-TOF/MS (High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Time of
Flight/Mass Spectrometry) allowing for the detection of 14 compounds, five of which were phenolic
compounds, derivatives of benzoic, caffeic, and coumaric acids. Moreover, the C. heteromalla WT
extract showed a protective effect against reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation induced by
tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBH) on the murine NIH-3T3 fibroblast cell line.This work was supported by the European Social Funding (FSE Sicilia 2020 Project ID: 2014.IT.05.SFOP.014/
3/10.4/9.2.10/0014)
Cognitive therapy for the prevention of suicide in military veterans
Introduction: Suicide is the leading cause of death among active veteran military personnel. Despite this, there are few therapies that address suicidality, and the development of new treatments is limited. In recent years, the use of cognitive therapy has been proposed.
Objective: Analyze the efficacy of cognitive therapy in preventing suicide in military veterans.
Development: A review was carried out following the PRISMA regulations. The PubMed, Cinahl, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Academic Search Complete, Lilacs, IBECS, CENTRAL, SciELO, and WOS databases were consulted. The Cochrane tool was used to assess the risk of bias and the quality of the evidence was assessed with GRADE. Cognitive therapy is effective in preventing suicide among military veterans. The total number of participants in the review was 668 individuals. The total number of sessions ranged from 6 to 10 and the follow-up of the program varied from 3 to 24 months.
Conclusions: Cognitive therapy prevents suicide attempts among military veterans with suicidal ideation or a recent suicide attempt. It also improves the quality of life of service members and their families, as well as their sleep pattern. It reduces depression, hopelessness, post-traumatic stress, symptom severity, the number of suicides and psychiatric hospitalizations
Potential Hepatoprotective Activity of Super Critical Carbon Dioxide Olive Leaf Extracts against CCl4-Induced Liver Damage
Virgin olive oil has demonstrated its effective activity against oxidative stress. However,
data on the bioactive effect of olive leaves or their major constituents on the liver are scarce.
The present research work was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of supercritical
carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extracts from fresh and dried olive leaves on hepatotoxicity caused by
carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rat models. For this purpose, healthy albino rats of 180–250 g weight
were used. The assessment of biochemical markers was carried out on blood and liver tissue.
Then, a histopathological study was carried out on liver tissue. The obtained results showed that
fresh and dried olive leaf extracts ameliorate the perturbed biochemical parameters caused by CCl4
treatment. Furthermore, the results registered for the histopathological study are in accordance with
the biochemical parameters and the protective capacity of SC-CO2 extracts against DNA damage,
indicating that olive leaf extracts helped to improve liver fibrosis caused by CCl4 treatment.Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research
LR15CBBC05Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO)
AGL2015-67995-C3-2Junta de Andalucia
B-AGR-466-UGR1
ÁCIDO HIALURÓNICO EN EL TRATAMIENTO DE LAS ÚLCERAS VENOSAS DE LAS PIERNAS. REVISIÓN DE LA LITERATURA
Introducción: La principal causa de las úlceras venosas es el aumento de presión en las venas de la parte inferior de la pierna. Estas úlceras afectan al 2% de la población. En la mayoría de ocasiones su curación es muy lenta, lo cual precisa de mucho tiempo a nivel sanitario y una gran cantidad de recursos. Objetivo: El objetivo de esta revisión es examinar la eficacia del ácido hialurónico en las úlceras venosas, en relación a la seguridad, tolerabilidad, así como la duración óptima del tratamiento. Método: Se realizó una investigación documental, por medio de revisión bibliográfica siguiendo la normativa PRISMA. Se consultaron las bases de datos de PubMed, Cinahl, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Academic Search Complete, Lilacs, IBECS, CENTRAL, SciELO, y WOS. Se utilizó la herramienta Cochrane para valorar el riesgo de sesgo y la calidad de la evidencia se evaluó GRADE. Resultados: En todos los ensayos clínicos se trataron úlceras venosas de las piernas con ácido hialurónico en el grupo experimental (en pomada, crema, gasa, junto con colagenasa o junto con vendaje) y en el grupo control se llevó a cabo la atención estándar. Respecto a la duración del programa de tratamiento osciló entre 15 y 140 días. Conclusiones: El ácido hialurónico aplicado en las úlceras venosas de las piernas es eficaz en la reducción del tamaño de la úlcera, acelera la cicatrización, reduce el dolor, aumenta la tasa de curación, posee un buen perfil de seguridad y tolerabilidad.
Palabras clave: úlceras venosas, ácido hialurónico, venas, úlceras
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The main cause of venous ulcers is increased pressure in the veins of the lower leg. These ulcers affect 2% of the population. In most cases its healing is very slow, which requires a lot of time at the health level and a large amount of resources. Objective: The objective of this review is to examine the efficacy of hyaluronic acid in venous ulcers, in relation to safety, tolerability, as well as the optimal duration of treatment. Method: A documentary research was carried out, through a bibliographic review following the PRISMA regulations. The PubMed, Cinahl, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Academic Search Complete, Lilacs, IBECS, CENTRAL, SciELO, and WOS databases were consulted. The Cochrane tool was used to assess the risk of bias and the quality of the evidence was assessed GRADE. Results: In all clinical trials, venous leg ulcers were treated with hyaluronic acid in the experimental group (in ointment, cream, gauze, together with collagenase or together with a bandage) and standard care in the control group. Regarding the duration of the treatment program, it ranged between 15 and 140 days. Conclusions: Hyaluronic acid applied to venous leg ulcers is effective in reducing the size of the ulcer, accelerates healing, reduces pain, increases the healing rate, and has a good safety and tolerability profile.
Keywords: venous ulcers, hyaluronic acid, veins, ulcer
Extraction of the antioxidant phytocomplex from wine-making by-products and sustainable loading in phospholipid vesicles specifically tailored for skin protection
The authors thank for technical and human support provided by TEM measurements carried out in the SGIker Polymer Characterization (UPV/EHU/ERDF, EU) . The authors also thank: MIUR and PON R&I for financing the PhD grant; BESTMEDGRAPE - ENI CBC Med project for providing analytical equipment and materials; Cantina Santadi for providing Carignano grape pomace. The authors acknowledge the CeSAR (Centro Servizi d'Ateneo per la Ricerca) of the University of Cagliari, Italy for the granulometry experiments performed with Mal-vern Mastersizer 3000.The present study is aimed at valorizing grape pomace, one of the most abundant winery-making by-products of the Mediterranean area, through the extraction of the main bioactive compounds from the skin of grape pomace and using them to manufacture innovative nanoformulations capable of both avoiding skin damages and promoting skincare. The phytochemicals were recovered through maceration in hydroethanolic solution. Catechin, quercetin, fisetin and gallic acid, which are known for their antioxidant power, were detected as the main compounds of the extract. Liposomes and phospholipid vesicles modified with glycerol or Montanov 82 (R) or a combination of both, were used as carriers for the extract. The vesicles were small (-183 nm), slightly polydispersed (PI >= 0.28), and highly negatively charged (--50 mV). The extract was loaded in high amounts in all vesicles (-100%) irrespective of their composition. The antioxidant activity of the extract, measured by using the DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) test, was 84 +/- 1%, and slightly increased when loaded into the vesicles (-89%, P < 0.05). The grape pomace extract loaded vesicles were highly biocompatible and able to protect fibroblasts (3T3) from the oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide.Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR)PON R
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