Enhanced long-range correlations of coherent waves reflected from disordered media

4 págs.; 3 figs.We study the intensity angular correlation function of scalar waves, scattered on reflection from disordered media, for the case in which the sample is so small that the speckle pattern does not follow a joint Gaussian statistics, and thus the factorization approximation does not hold. An enhanced long-range correlation is predicted that exhibits two peaks due to coherent effects analogous to those producing the phenomenon of enhanced backscattering of the mean intensity as a result of time-reversal symmetry. © 1992 The American Physical Society.This work was supported by the CICYT under Grant No. PB0278. J.A.S.-G. acknowledges a grant from the MEC.Peer Reviewe

A propósito de la exposición Guggenheim, del Reina Sofia.

Sin resume

Are Sugar-Reduced and Whole Grain Infant Cereals Sensorially Accepted at Weaning? A Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Trial

We are immensely grateful to the primary care pediatricians, Enrique López, Francisco Carrillo, Begoña Pelegrín, Eva María Rodriguez, Matilde Zornoza, María Fuensanta Costa, Antonio Iofrío, Sebastian Lorente, Santiago Carbajo and Gregorio Vicente who actively collaborated in recruiting and monitoring the infants. We would like to acknowledge the support of Isabel Vasallo for the trial monitoring, David Prieto for helping us with the statistical analyses, Fabien Gandolphe for the unconditional support to make this project possible and Romy Jacobs for working on this study during her internship. Lastly, we would like to thank all parents and children who participated in this study.The way infants are fed during the complementary period can have a significant impact on infants’ health and development. Infant cereals play an important role in complementary feeding in many countries. In spite of well documented benefits of a low sugar and high whole grain diet, commercial infant cereals are often refined and contain a high amount of sugars. The aim of the present study was to compare the sensory acceptability, gastrointestinal tolerance and bowel habits of two commercially available infant cereals in Spain with varying sugar and whole grain contents in infants at weaning. Forty-six healthy infants (mean age = 5.2 ± 0.4 months) received one of the two infant cereals containing either 0% whole grain flour and a high sugar content produced by starch hydrolysis (24 g/100 g) (Cereal A) or 50% whole grain flour and a medium-sugar content produced by hydrolysis (12 g/100 g) (Cereal B) in a randomized, triple blind, cross-over controlled trial. Both types of infant cereals were consumed for seven weeks. The cross-over was carried out after seven weeks. Sensory acceptability, anthropometry, gastrointestinal tolerance and adverse events were measured, and results evaluated using a linear regression model. No significant differences were observed between groups in any of the main variables analyzed. Importantly, the long-term health implications of our findings represent a wake-up call for the food industry to reduce or even eliminate simple sugars in infant cereals and for regulatory bodies and professional organizations to recommend whole grain infant cereals.ICEX Invest Spain 201503473FEDER (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional)-"Investment Program of foreign companies in R&D activities"-2015, under "Smart Growth Operational Programme" by Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivenes

Factores que influyen en el establecimiento de bonificaciones fiscales en el IBI para promover sistemas de energía solar térmica en los municipios españoles

Los gobiernos locales pueden establecer, conforme al R.D. 2/ 2.004, bonificaciones fiscales de hasta un 50% en el impuesto sobre los Bienes Inmuebles en los que se hayan instalado sistemas para el aprovechamiento térmico o eléctrico de la energía proveniente del sol. En este trabajo se analizan cuales son los factores que influyen en la decisión de los gobiernos de aplicar dicha bonificación para promover la instalación de estos sistemas solares en los edificios mediante la estimación de una regresión logística. Entre estos factores que influyen en esta decisión destacan los factores relacionados la intensidad energética de la zona, con su nivel de presión fiscal, con el stress mediaombiental, con la predisposición de los gobiernos de aplicar políticas medioambientales, con el efecto contagio de municipios vecinos y por último, con motivaciones de índole económico

Trust-as-a-Service: A reputation-enabled trust framework for 5G network resource provisioning

Trust, security, and privacy are three of the major pillars to assemble the fifth-generation network and beyond. Despite such pillars are principally interconnected, a multitude of challenges arise that need to be addressed separately. 5G networks ought to offer flexible and pervasive computing capabilities across multiple domains according to user demands and assure trustworthy network providers. To this end, distributed marketplaces expect to boost the trading of heterogeneous resources so as to enable the establishment of pervasive service chains between cross-domains. Yet, the need for selecting reliable parties as “marketplace operators” plays a pivotal role in achieving a trustworthy ecosystem. Two of the principal blockages in managing foreseeable networks are the need to consider trust as a property in the resource provisioning process and adapt previous trust models to accomplish the new network and business requirements. In this regard, this article is centered on the trust management of 5G multi-party network resource provisioning. As a result, a reputation-based trust framework is proposed as a Trust-as-a-Service (TaaS) solution for a distributed multi-stakeholder environment where requirements such as zero trust and zero-touch principles should be met. Besides, a literature review is also conducted to recognize the network and business requirements currently envisaged. Finally, the validation of the proposed trust framework was performed in a real research environment, the 5GBarcelona testbed, leveraging 12% of a 2.1 GHz CPU with 20 cores and 2% of the 30 GiB memory. These outcomes reveal the TaaS solution’s feasibility and conservative approach in the context of determining reliable network operators

Historic Public Paths in rural areas: Engine of development and origin of new conflicts

Purpose: In this article, the authors analyse a complex social process affecting historic public paths in rural areas in southern Spain. Despite the fact that urban populations are demanding the enhancement of this type of natural heritage for tourism, sports and recreational use, some parts of the network have been abandoned or usurped. Design/methodology/approach: The study is multidisciplinary, comprising three interlinked studies. The cartographic study comprises an inventory of public paths in rural areas based on administrative sources. The legal study analyses local, regional and national regulations governing agricultural, environmental, heritage, sports and tourism uses of the infrastructure. The sociological study analyses social discourses on the uses of public paths, and identifies conflicts between farmers, landowners, environmentalists, sportspeople and tourists. Findings: The preliminary results identified an important public paths network in Andalusia, approximately 160,000 km. The legal study found that there are laws regulating use, although local authorities do not monitor compliance or provide solutions to enhance management. The sociological study determined the attribution of environmental, cultural and economic value to public paths, but also the existence of conflicts between rural and urban populations. Research limitations/implications: Given that this is ongoing research, only state of the art and some preliminary albeit sufficiently consistent results are presented. Practical implications: The results could help to guide public policy and governance of public paths. Social implications: Public paths promote rural development and a green/sustainable economy. Originality/value: The research results and conclusions are original