Compact and Wide Stopband Lowpass Filter Using Open Complementary Split Ring Resonator and Defected Ground Structure

A compact (0.16 λg x 0.08 λg) and wide stop¬band lowpass filter design using open complementary split ring resonator (OCSRR) and defected ground structure (DGS) is presented in this paper. Low pass filter is con-structed using two cascaded stages of OCSRR. Since the rejection bandwidth of the OCSRR is narrow, tapered dumbbell shaped DGS section is placed under the OCSRR to enhance the bandwidth. The cutoff frequency (fc) of the proposed lowpass filter is 1.09 GHz. The rejection band¬width of the filter covers the entire ultra wideband spec¬trum. Hence the spurious passband suppression is achieved up to 10 fc. The designed filter has been fabri¬cated and validated by experimental result

A Compact 1:4 Lossless T-Junction Power Divider Using Open Complementary Split Ring Resonator

This paper presents the size miniaturized and harmonic suppressed lossless 1:4 T-junction unequal power divider using an open complementary split ring resonator (OCSRR). By embedding the OCSRR structure in the microstrip transmission line, slow wave effect is introduced and thereby size reduction is achieved. The dimensions of OCSRR are optimized to reduce the length of high impedance and low impedance quarter-wavelength transmission lines. In our design high impedance line length is reduced to 58.6%, and low impedance line length is reduced to 12% when compared to the conventional quarter wavelength lines. The proposed power divider is having small dimensions of 0.18 λg × 0.33 λg and is 51.94% smaller than the conventional unequal power divider

Thoughts of Awakening by Sivavakkiyar

Intellectual thoughts and memories have existed in Tamil literary contexts from the very beginning. Moreover, the Siddha literature is full of criticism of superstitions, physical realism, anti-idolatry, anti-Manu, anti-false rituals, and encouragement of virtuous deeds. For the sake of simplicity, this article can analyze the rational ideas embodied in Sivavakkiyar's poems within the three categories of thought, word, and deed. The word "Dravidian" and its principles are not intended to scratch the feelings of the individual. It is a denunciation of slavery, the concentration of power, and superstitions. Such qualities can be seen in the spiritual box, as a form of rationalism, as an anti-caste and anti-religious key, as a woman's reverence, as the peeling sun of false ascetics, and as the saffron that celebrates the body and mind

Outcome analysis of Pancreatic Anastamosis after Whipple’s Operation-over 3 years

AIM OF THE STUDY: 1. To analyse the pattern of morbidity and mortality between patients undergoing PG and PJ following a standard pancreaticoduodenectomy. 2. To analyse the perioperative variables predicting the outcome and hence formulate a standard method of patient selection, type of anastomosis and perioperative care to achieve good outcome after a whipple’s operation within our limited resources. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients attending the outpatient Department of Surgical Gastroenterology with operable growth in the periampullary region were included in the study group. This is a non-randomized prospective study and the data of all the fifty patients were noted in a proforma. All patients in the study were subjected for a standard whipple’s pancreaticoduodenectomy. The data collected were entered in an excel sheet of Microsoft Office software and inference obtained after statistical analysis. The mean and standard deviation were reported for continuous variables and for categorical variables proportions were computed. To compare and find the statistical significance between the two group proportions chi-square test was used and to compare between the two group means independent t-test was used. All analyses were performed by using SPSS version 16.0. DISCUSSION: Among the 50 patients 7 patients developed DGE, 6 patients developed DGE and pancreatic leak and 7 patients developed other complications along with DGE and pancreatic leak accounting for a morbidity of 40%. 20.8% of patients in the PG group and 15.4% in the PJ group developed DGE. Though there is a slight apparent increase in the PG group it is not statistically significant (P value = 0.721). Pancreatic leak occurred in 18 patients with grade A leak in 5(10%), grade B leak in 8(16%) and grade C leak in 5(10%) patients. All patients with pancreatic leak were managed by non-operative means. Similarly there is no statistically significant difference in the outcome between pancreaticogastrostomy and pancreaticojejunostomy in terms of other major morbidities.The mortality rate in our study was 8% (8.3% in PG group and 7.7% in PJ group) which is again statistically not significant (P value = 1.000) between the two groups. Though our study showed a 41.7% leak in the PG group and 30.8% in the PJ group all the patients were managed successfully and no patients with leak had mortality. CONCLUSION: There is no statistically significant difference in outcome between pancreaticogastrostomy and pancreaticojejunostomy after a standard pancreaticoduodenectomy. A better patient selection, preoperative optimisation, meticulous intraoperative techniques and early recognition and aggressive management of complications with utmost perioperative care helps to improve the morbidity and hence prevent mortality after whipple’s procedure

An Observational study to compare CRP level with HDL level in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients

INTRODUCTION: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic disease that primarily targets the synovium, leading to synovial inflammation and proliferation, loss of articular cartilage, and erosion of juxtarticular bone. The natural history of the disease is one of progressive joint damage and deformity and, in a sizeable minority, the development of extra-articular manifestations. Over the last few decades it has become increasingly apparent that chronic activation of the immune system, as observed in the pathogenesis of RA, is associated with changes in intermediary metabolism, potentially leading to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. There is evidence of association of multiple immune regulatory components (including tumour necrosis factor and interleukin-6) in RA. OBJECTIVES: To Compare CRP Level with HDL Level in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. METHODS: This study was conducted in 100 patients (Control 50 & 50 cases of rheumatoid arthritis) attending Rheumatology & General medicine Outpatient department at Govt Rajaji Hospital, Madurai. The following information collected from patients who attended the Rheumatology/general medicine clinic in the form of Age, Sex, Duration of symptoms, Anthropometry measurements, Biochemical parameters [Rheumatoid factor, lipid profile ESR, CRP], Complication of Rheumatoid arthritis. RESULTS: In our study, total cases are 100 (50 cases and 50 controls). Among that 86% are female, 14% are male in both case group and control group. In case group, cases are in the age of 30-34 yrs (32%), 35-39yrs (42%) 40-44yrs (16%) 45-49yrs (10%), majority in the age of 30-39yrs. In control group cases are in the age of 30-34 yrs (32%), 35-39yrs (36%) 40-44yrs (22%) 45-49yrs (10%). In rheumatoid arthritis case group, mean age of onset is 37.4yrs. Rheumatoid factor positivity seen only in case group, not in control group. Positive cases are about 84% in case group. Comparing with case and control group rheumatoid factor positivity is significant (p < 0.001). ESR values in case group minimum value 13mm/Hr, maximum value 120mm/Hr, mean value is 46.3mm/Hr. In control group ESR is within normal range. Comparing ESR level in case and control group, ESR level is statistically significant in case group (p value < 0.001). CRP level in case group minimum level is 0.3mg/dl, maximum level is 22.4mg/dl, mean value is 7.9mg/dl. In control group CRP is within normal range. Comparing CRP level in case and control group, CRP level is statistically significant in case group (p value < 0.001). HDL is in the normal range in control group. In case group HDL is significantly low. Comparing case and control group HDL level is statistically significant p value (< 0.001) in case group. Total cholesterol is in the normal range in control group. Comparing case and control group Total cholesterol level is statistically significant p value (0.033). LDL is in the normal range in control group. Comparing case and control group LDL level is not statistically significant p value (< 0.082). TG is in the normal range in control group. Comparing case and control group TG level is statistically significant p value (< 0.001). In case group TC, LDL, TG levels are directly proportional to ESR level (p value < 0.001). HDL level is inversely proportional to ESR level (p value < 0.001). Correlation co efficient for HDL is -0.798. In control group ESR, lipid profile are in normal range. No correlation is found in control group regarding ESR and TC, HDL, LDL, TG levels. ESR and HDL level correlation in RA case group, it is statistically significant (p value < 0.001). In case TC, LDL, TG levels are directly proportional to CRP level (p value < 0.001). HDL level is inversely proportional to CRP level (p value < 0.001). Correlation co efficient for HDL is -0.791. In control group CRP, lipid profile is in normal range. No correlation is found in control group regarding CRP and TC, HDL, LDL, TG levels. CRP and HDL level correlation in RA case group, it is statistically significant (p value < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Long duration of disease and disease activity is important risk of factor dyslipidemia. Impaired LIPID metabolism carries high risk of cardiovascular disease. Patients with active RA were characterized by an atherogenic lipid profile. The decrement in HDL-C level was inversely correlated with the increment of CRP level in most of clinical studies. Thus, early intervention to control disease activity may reduce the risk of the atherosclerotic process and cardiovascular events in RA patients. Active RA was associated with an adverse lipid profile that improved significantly upon effective treatment of RA with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD) suggesting it was the decrease in RA disease activity that reversed the altered lipid profiles. Early diagnosis and early introduction of treatment will reduce disease activity and control inflammation that will reduce risk of cardiovascular disease and improve long term survival of Rheumatoid arthritis patients

Weakly Supervised Localization using Deep Feature Maps

Object localization is an important computer vision problem with a variety of applications. The lack of large scale object-level annotations and the relative abundance of image-level labels makes a compelling case for weak supervision in the object localization task. Deep Convolutional Neural Networks are a class of state-of-the-art methods for the related problem of object recognition. In this paper, we describe a novel object localization algorithm which uses classification networks trained on only image labels. This weakly supervised method leverages local spatial and semantic patterns captured in the convolutional layers of classification networks. We propose an efficient beam search based approach to detect and localize multiple objects in images. The proposed method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art in standard object localization data-sets with a 8 point increase in mAP scores

A Repair Framework for Scalar MDS Codes

Several works have developed vector-linear maximum-distance separable (MDS) storage codes that min- imize the total communication cost required to repair a single coded symbol after an erasure, referred to as repair bandwidth (BW). Vector codes allow communicating fewer sub-symbols per node, instead of the entire content. This allows non trivial savings in repair BW. In sharp contrast, classic codes, like Reed- Solomon (RS), used in current storage systems, are deemed to suffer from naive repair, i.e. downloading the entire stored message to repair one failed node. This mainly happens because they are scalar-linear. In this work, we present a simple framework that treats scalar codes as vector-linear. In some cases, this allows significant savings in repair BW. We show that vectorized scalar codes exhibit properties that simplify the design of repair schemes. Our framework can be seen as a finite field analogue of real interference alignment. Using our simplified framework, we design a scheme that we call clique-repair which provably identifies the best linear repair strategy for any scalar 2-parity MDS code, under some conditions on the sub-field chosen for vectorization. We specify optimal repair schemes for specific (5,3)- and (6,4)-Reed- Solomon (RS) codes. Further, we present a repair strategy for the RS code currently deployed in the Facebook Analytics Hadoop cluster that leads to 20% of repair BW savings over naive repair which is the repair scheme currently used for this code.Comment: 10 Pages; accepted to IEEE JSAC -Distributed Storage 201