RISK FACTORS AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF LUNG MYCOBACTERIOSIS. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

The present study is a systematic review with a meta-analysis of risk factors for lung mycobacteriosis (LM) and diseases that influence the incidence, clinical manifestations and etiology of the infection under investigation. The authors made a selection of papers. The search for papers was carried out in English and Russian in the PubMed, Web of Science, Сochrane Library, eLibrary electronic databases with the analysis of references from the articles found. Articles published from 2000 to 2020 were selected. The following results are obtained. Regarding smoking: with the two gradations of the factor (the patient smokes or not), the incidence of LM in smokers varied from 13.8±0.03% to 71.2±0.06%. Regarding tuberculosis: the incidence of LM and tuberculosis ranged from 6.7±0.01% to 17.6±0.02%. Regarding chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): the incidence of LM in patients with COPD was determined on average at 11.2±0.01%. Regarding bronchiectasis: the incidence of bronchiectasis in patients with LM is 30.1±0.02%. Regarding diabetes mellitus: the frequency of patients with LM and diabetes mellitus in one study group was 6.7±0.01%, and in the other – 17.6±0.02%. Regarding malignancies: the frequency of such patients was determined from 17.1±0.04% to 50.0±0.07% of cases. Regarding HIV infection and LM: the incidence of detected LM in patients with HIV was determined on average at the level of 8.9±0.01%. Regarding cough in LM: the frequency of patients with this symptom in the first group was 46.2±0.07%, in the second group – 88.9±0.02%. Regarding hemoptysis in LM: the frequency of patients with this symptom ranged from 3.8±0.03% to 30.1±0.02%. X-ray manifestations of lesions in LM occurred with a frequency of 42.3±0.04% to 100%. The most significant role in etiology belongs to non-tuberculous mycobacteria species, such as slow-growing M. avium complex, and fast-growing M. abscessus complex, M. chelonae, M. fortuitum

ПРОТИВООПУХОЛЕВОЕ ДЕЙСТВИЕ ДОНОРОВ ОКСИДА АЗОТА (NO) И МЕХАНИЗМЫ ЕГО РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ

The review discusses literature data and the results of our own studies on the role of nitric oxide in carcinogenesis. The antitumor potential of classical NO donors as cytotoxic compounds and modulators of signaling oncogenic pathways is analyzed.В обзоре обсуждаются литературные данные и результаты собственных исследований о роли оксида азота в канцерогенезе. Анализируется противоопухолевый потенциал классических NO-доноров как цитотоксических соединений и модуляторов сигнальных онкогенных путе

Neutralizing activity of sera from sputnik v-vaccinated people against variants of concern (VOC: B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, B.1.617.2, B.1.617.3) and Moscow endemic SARS-CoV-2 variants

Since the beginning of the 2021 year, all the main six vaccines against COVID-19 have been used in mass vaccination companies around the world. Virus neutralization and epidemiological efficacy drop obtained for several vaccines against the B.1.1.7, B.1.351 P.1, and B.1.617 genotypes are of concern. There is a growing number of reports on mutations in receptor-binding domain (RBD) increasing the transmissibility of the virus and escaping the neutralizing effect of antibodies. The Sputnik V vaccine is currently approved for use in more than 66 countries but its activity against variants of concern (VOC) is not extensively studied yet. Virus-neutralizing activity (VNA) of sera obtained from people vaccinated with Sputnik V in relation to internationally relevant genetic lineages B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, B.1.617.2, B.1.617.3 and Moscow endemic variants B.1.1.141 (T385I) and B.1.1.317 (S477N, A522S) with mutations in the RBD domain has been assessed. The data obtained indicate no significant differences in VNA against B.1.1.7, B.1.617.3 and local genetic lineages B.1.1.141 (T385I), B.1.1.317 (S477N, A522S) with RBD mutations. For the B.1.351, P.1, and B.1.617.2 statistically significant 3.1-, 2.8-, and 2.5-fold, respectively, VNA reduction was observed. Notably, this decrease is lower than that reported in publications for other vaccines. However, a direct comparative study is necessary for a conclusion. Thus, sera from “Sputnik V”-vaccinated retain neutralizing activity against VOC B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, B.1.617.2, B.1.617.3 as well as local genetic lineages B.1.1.141 and B.1.1.317 circulating in Moscow. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland