312 research outputs found
LEARNING A LANGUAGE OF TWO ALPHABETS: PRACTICAL APROACHES IN HIRAGANA AND KATAKANA ACQUISITION FOR BEGINNER LEARNERS OF JAPANESE LANGUAGE
The Japanese language has a 128 million speakers and has around 4 million learners in the world. In Ecuador, however, there are only six institutions offer Japanese classes to 150 learners. This small number of learners may be due in part to geographic and cultural distance, as well as the economic and political circumstances separating Ecuador and Japan. Furthermore, the uniqueness of the linguistic characteristics of Japanese is also a major factor influencing learner reluctance. One of the principal characteristics of this language is its three writing systems: hiragana, katakana and kanji. This paper outlines the linguistic characteristics of Japanese, focusing on hiragana, katakana and kanji, and sets out the difficulties which learners experience in this area. In the second part, with reference to these characteristics, the study introduces class activities to show how learners may acquire the basic characters of the writing systems as an important first step in learning Japanese, with the aim of reducing the burden on the language acquisition process. Through this research, the importance of peer-learning and collaboration between learners and teachers is highlighted as a means of facilitating approaches to the teaching and learning of Japanese
Choquet integrals, Hausdorff content and fractional operators
It is shown that the fractional integral operator , ,
and the fractional maximal operator , , are bounded
on weak Choquet spaces with respect to Hausdorff content. We also investigate
these operators on Choquet-Morrey spaces. These results are extensions of the
previous works due to Adams, Orobitg and Verdera, and Tang. The results for the
fractional integral operator are essentially new.Comment: 12 page
InstructDoc: A Dataset for Zero-Shot Generalization of Visual Document Understanding with Instructions
We study the problem of completing various visual document understanding
(VDU) tasks, e.g., question answering and information extraction, on real-world
documents through human-written instructions. To this end, we propose
InstructDoc, the first large-scale collection of 30 publicly available VDU
datasets, each with diverse instructions in a unified format, which covers a
wide range of 12 tasks and includes open document types/formats. Furthermore,
to enhance the generalization performance on VDU tasks, we design a new
instruction-based document reading and understanding model, InstructDr, that
connects document images, image encoders, and large language models (LLMs)
through a trainable bridging module. Experiments demonstrate that InstructDr
can effectively adapt to new VDU datasets, tasks, and domains via given
instructions and outperforms existing multimodal LLMs and ChatGPT without
specific training.Comment: Accepted by AAAI2024; project page:
https://github.com/nttmdlab-nlp/InstructDo
Bridging Pico-to-Nanonewtons with a Ratiometric Force Probe for Monitoring Nanoscale Polymer Physics Before Damage
Understanding the transmission of nanoscale forces in the pico-to-nanonewton
range is important in polymer physics. While physical approaches have
limitations in analyzing the local force distribution in condensed
environments, chemical analysis using force probes is promising. However, there
are stringent requirements for probing the local forces generated before
structural damage. The magnitude of those forces corresponds to the range below
covalent bond scission (from 200 pN to several nN) and above thermal
fluctuation (several pN). Here, we report a conformationally flexible
dual-fluorescence force probe with a theoretically estimated threshold of
approximately 100 pN. This probe enables ratiometric analysis of the
distribution of local forces in a stretched polymer chain network. Without
changing the intrinsic properties of the polymer, the force distribution was
reversibly monitored in real time. Chemical control of the probe location
demonstrated that the local stress concentration is twice as biased at
crosslinkers than at main chains, particularly in a strain-hardening region.
Due to the high sensitivity, the percentage of stressed force probes was
estimated to be more than 1000 times higher than the activation rate of a
conventional mechanophore.Comment: 21 pages and 5 figures in the main text, and 73 pages and 68 figures
in the supplementary material
Photo-induced Tellurium segregation in
We report on the coherent phonon spectroscopy of polymorphic
single crystals using a femtosecond-pulsed laser to
investigate the relationship between structural phase transitions and
photo-thermal effects induced by high-density laser excitation. Even when a
femtosecond pulsed laser was used, which generally induces fewer heat
accumulation effects than the case for a CW laser, tellurium segregation was
observed in coherent phonon spectra with increasing excitation density, while
no structural phase transition among polymorphs of was
observed. The use of higher photon-energy excitation, however, was found to
suppress tellurium segregation.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, accepted for Physica Status Solidi (RRL) - Rapid
Research Letter
軟組織による外耳道閉鎖症例での軟骨伝導
A hearing aid using cartilage conduction (CC) has been proposed as an alternative to bone conduction (BC) hearing aids. The transducer developed for this application is lightweight, requires a much smaller fixation force than a BC hearing aid, and is more convenient to use. CC can be of great benefit to patients with fibrotic aural atresia. Fibrotic tissue connected to the ossicles provides an additional pathway (termed fibrotic tissue pathway) for sound to reach the cochlea by means of CC. To address the function of fibrotic tissue pathway, BC and CC thresholds were measured in six ears with fibrotic aural atresia. The relationship between the CC thresholds and the results of computed tomography was investigated. In the ears with the presence of a fibrotic tissue pathway, the CC thresholds were lower than the BC thresholds at 0.5 and 1.0 kHz. At 2.0 kHz, no significant difference was observed between the BC and CC thresholds. The current findings suggest that sound in the low to middle frequency range is transmitted more efficiently by CC via a fibrotic tissue pathway than BC. The development of hearing devices using CC can contribute to rehabilitation, particularly in patients with fibrotic aural atresia.博士(医学)・甲621号・平成26年3月17
Bridging pico-to-nanonewtons with a ratiometric force probe for monitoring nanoscale polymer physics before damage
ピンと張られた分子鎖を定量する「羽ばたき型蛍光Force Probe」の開発 --高分子材料の中で力のかかった分子鎖の比率を蛍光イメージングで計測する--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-01-14.Understanding the transmission of nanoscale forces in the pico-to-nanonewton range is important in polymer physics. While physical approaches have limitations in analyzing the local force distribution in condensed environments, chemical analysis using force probes is promising. However, there are stringent requirements for probing the local forces generated before structural damage. The magnitude of those forces corresponds to the range below covalent bond scission (from 200 pN to several nN) and above thermal fluctuation (several pN). Here, we report a conformationally flexible dual-fluorescence force probe with a theoretically estimated threshold of approximately 100 pN. This probe enables ratiometric analysis of the distribution of local forces in a stretched polymer chain network. Without changing the intrinsic properties of the polymer, the force distribution was reversibly monitored in real time. Chemical control of the probe location demonstrated that the local stress concentration is twice as biased at crosslinkers than at main chains, particularly in a strain-hardening region. Due to the high sensitivity, the percentage of the stressed force probes was estimated to be more than 1000 times higher than the activation rate of a conventional mechanophore
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