抗原および Ca ionophore A23187 刺激時におけるアトピー型気管支喘息末梢血好塩基球の運動能

We examined histamine release and morphological changes in basophilic granulocytes from atopic subjects, in response to stimulation with antigen and Ca ionophore A23187. 1. Histamine release and a reduction in the rumber of basophils were more rapid and greater in extent at an early stage of antigen stimulation compared with Ca ionophore A23187 stimulation. 2. Morphological changes in basophils, represented by increased motility, in terms of an increased ratio of short to long axis diameter (L/S ratio), as well as the increased frequency of basophils with localized granules and those with pseudopods, were more often observed antigen stimulation than with Ca ionophore A23187 stimulation. In contrast, morphogical changes in which basophils appeared swollen, showing an increased mean cell diameter and an increased frequency of cells with 5 vacuoles or more were more predominant with Ca ionophore A23187 than with antigen stimulation. The results obtained here show that bridging of IgE receptors is essential to activate basophils and induce increased motility in these cells.アトピー型気管支喘息末梢血好塩基球を用い,抗原および Ca ionophore A23187 刺激時のヒスタミン遊離およびその形態的変化について比較検討した｡1.抗原刺激時には, Ca ionophore A23187 刺激時に比べ,好塩基球からのヒスタミン遊離および好塩基球数の減少の程度は,より急激でかつ高度であった｡2.好塩基球の形態的変化,すなわち,長経/短経比の増大,限局性顆粒あるいは偽足を有する好塩基球の出現頻度の増加などの運動能の亢進を示唆する好塩基球の形態的変化は, Ca ionophore A23187 に比べ抗原刺激時により高度であった｡一方,平均直径の増大,5個以上の空砲を有する好塩基球の出現頻度の増加などの,むしろ膨化傾向を示唆する好塩基球の形態的変化は,抗原刺激時に比べ, Co ionophore A23187 刺激時により高度であった｡これらの結果より,抗原刺激によるIgE受容体のbridgingが,好塩基球を活性化し,運動能の亢進をひき起こすものと判断された

Asthma classification by a score calculated from clinical findings and examinations in subjects sensitive to inhalant allergens.

Twenty-one patients with atopic asthma were classified into three types according to their symptoms (clinical diagnosis): Ia, simple bronchoconstriction; Ib, bronchoconstriction + hypersecretion; and II, bronchiolar obstruction, and this classification was compared with a classification made according to clinical findings and examinations (score diagnosis). Type Ib asthma was characterized by the increased incidence of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), while type II was characterized by ventilatory dysfunction in small airways and the increased incidence of neutrophils in BALF. Four patients, whose expectoration was between 50 and 99ml/day, of the 12 with type Ia assessed by clinical diagnosis were evaluated as type Ib by score diagnosis. One patient with type II by clinical diagnosis was assessed as questionable type II by score diagnosis. In the other 16 patients, the clinical and score diagnoses were the same

Motility of basophilic granulocytes and histaminerelease

各種刺激物質添加時の好塩基球の形態的変化―運動亢進と膨化，脱顆粒―と化学伝達物質遊離との関連を中心に若干の知見をのべた。まず，抗原刺激時には，(1)運動亢進をきたし，洋梨状を示す好塩基球と膨化，脱顆粒を示す好塩基球の2種類が観察されること，(2)アトピー型喘息の好塩基球は健康人と比べて全般的に運動が抑制されていること，(3)運動亢進の状態としては，random movementとoriented movementがあり，抗原に対応した特徴的な運動亢進はoriented movementであること，(4)運動亢進と膨化，脱顆粒は，連続した一連のものではなく，それぞれ独立した過程を持っていること，などが観察されている。また，刺激物質の種類によって，好塩基球の形態的変化や化学伝達物質遊離の状態が異なることについても報告した。Morphological changes of basophilic leucocytes from atopic asthmatics were observed in relation to histamine release after the cells were challeuged by a specific allergen, anti-IgE and Ca ionophore A 23187 . 1. Increase in motility and degranulation of basophilic granulocytes were observed after the stimulation with antigen and anti-IgE. The incidence of basophils with oriented movement was siguificantly increased at 36 min and reached the peak at 12-15 min after addition of antigen. 2. A decreased number of basophils, increased cell diameter and increased ratio of the short to long axis diameters were observed with a significant amount of histamine release after antigen and anti-IgE stimulation. 3. Compared to cell reactions to antigen and anti-IgE, Ca ionophore A 23187 stimulation showed more decreased motility and greater increase in the diameter of the cells

Distribution and movement of IgE receptors on peripheral basophils in bronchial asthma patients

The relation between morphologic changes of human basophils and IgE receptors on cells from patients with bronchial asthma was studied during the reaginic hypersensitivity reaction. Peripheral blood basophils were separated and reacted with rabbit IgG anti-human IgE antiserum. Goat anti-rabbit IgG antiserum was then derivatized to carboxylate-modified latex particles, 0.254 μm in diameter, (immunolatex) and this was used as a probe to detect IgE receptors on basophil surface. Using this probe, significantly more IgE receptors were detected on the basophils from patients with atopic asthma (with high serum IgE levels) than from normal subjects and patients with intractable asthma (with normal IgE levels). Moreover, the density of the IgE receptors was much higher on pear-shaped basophils than on spherical basophils. These pear-shaped basophils are believed to be in the degranulating state during the reaginic reaction. The distribution of immunolatex particles on the basophil surface was either diffuse or displayed patch and cap formation. Patch and cap formation was more common in pear-shaped cells and patients with atopic asthma. These phenomena were temperature-dependent. These results support the view that the pear-shaped form is the functionally active form of basophils in reaginic hypersensitivity

Expired nitric oxide levels in adult asthmatics

The expired nitric oxide (NO) concentration is known to be higher in asthmatic subjects than in normal subjects. To elucidate the role of NO in asthma, we examined the expired NO concentrations in relation to the type (atopic, mixed, non- atopic), and severity (mild, moderate, severe) of asthmatics, as well as the influence of steroid treatment. Twenty-seven normal subjects, 48 asthmatics, 8 subjects with allergic rhinitis, and 13 subjects with pulmonary emphysema participated in the study. The expired NO concentration was significantly higher in asthmatics and patients with allergic rhinitis than in normal subjects (P<0.01). No significant difference was observed between the expired NO concentration in patients with pulmonary emphysema and that of normal subjects. The expired NO concentrations were significantly lower in non- atopic asthma than in atopic asthma. Nitric oxide levels were significantly lower in severe asthma than in mild asthma. High doses of steroid treatment are often used in severe asthma. The dose of inhaled beclomethasone and expired NO concentrations showed a negative correlation (r= −0.51587, P<0.004). Drip infusion of hydrocortisone tended to increase the exhaled NO concentration just after drip infusion, however, it decreased after 24 h. These results suggest that steroid treatment decreases the expired NO concentrations in asthmatics, although it cannot be concluded that NO increases the severity of asthma. The measurement of expired NO concentrations is an easy, non-invasive test, which may be a useful tool for monitoring the condition of asthmatics