Modulation of Hanle magnetoresistance in an ultrathin platinum film by ionic gating

Hanle magnetoresistance (HMR) is a type of magnetoresistance where interplay of the spin Hall effect, Hanle-type spin precession, and spin-dependent scattering at the top/bottom surfaces in a heavy metal controls the effect. In this study, we modulate HMR in ultrathin Pt by ionic gating, where the surface Rashba field created by a strong electric field at the interface between the ionic gate and Pt plays the dominant role in the modulation. This finding can facilitate investigations of gate-tunable, spin-related effects and fabrication of spin devices.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures (To appear in Applied Physics Express

Giant Hysteretic Single‐Molecule Electric Polarisation Switching above Room Temperature

Continual progress has been achieved in information technology through unrelenting miniaturisation of the single memory bit in integrated ferromagnetic, ferroelectric, optical, and related circuits. However, as miniaturisation approaches its theoretical limit, new memory materials are being sought. Herein, we report a unique material exhibiting single‐molecule electric polarisation switching that can operate above room temperature. The phenomenon occurs in a Preyssler‐type polyoxometalate (POM) cluster we call a single‐molecule electret (SME). It exhibits all the characteristics of ferroelectricity but without long‐range dipole ordering. The SME affords bi‐stability as a result of the two potential positions of localisation of a Tb3+ ion trapped in the POM, resulting in extremely slow relaxation of the polarisation and electric hysteresis with high spontaneous polarisation and coercive electric fields. Our findings suggest that SMEs can potentially be applied to ultrahigh‐density memory and other molecular‐level electronic devices operating above room temperature.This study was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP16H04223, JP16K14101, JP24350095, and JP25220803;the Joint Research Project between JSPS and the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC);and JSPS Core-to-Core Program, A. Advanced Research Networks. This work was also performed under the aegis of the Canon Science Promotion Foundation, Murata Science Foundation, Casio Science Promotion Foundation, and the Cooperative Research Program of “Network Joint Research Centre for Materials and Devices”. M.K. is also funded by CNRS, France.アクセプト後にキーワード・アブストラクト等変更あり

Open Multi-Access Network Platform with Dynamic Task Offloading and Intelligent Resource Monitoring

We constructed an open multi-access network platform using open-source hardware and software. The open multi-access network platform is characterized by the flexible utilization of network functions, integral management and control of wired and wireless access networks, zero-touch provisioning, intelligent resource monitoring, and dynamic task offloading. We also propose an application-driven dynamic task offloading that utilizes intelligent resource monitoring to ensure effective task processing in edge and cloud servers. For this purpose, we developed a mobile application and server applications for the open multi-access network platform. To investigate the feasibility and availability of our developed platform, we experimentally and analytically evaluated the effectiveness of application-driven dynamic task offloading and intelligent resource monitoring. The experimental results demonstrated that application-driven dynamic task offloading could reduce real-time task response time and traffic over metro and core networks

Involvement of activated transcriptional process in efficient gene transfection using unmodified and mannose-modified bubble lipoplexes with ultrasound exposure.

Recently, our group developed ultrasound (US)-responsive and mannose-modified gene carriers (Man-PEG(2000) bubble lipoplexes), and successfully obtained a high level of gene expression in mannose receptor-expressing cells following gene transfection using Man-PEG(2000) bubble lipoplexes and US exposure. We also reported that large amounts of plasmid DNA (pDNA) were transferred into the cytoplasm of the targeted cells in the gene transfection using this method. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of transcriptional processes on enhanced gene expression obtained by unmodified and Man-PEG(2000) bubble lipoplexes with US exposure. The transcriptional process related to activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) was activated by US exposure, and was founded to be involved in enhanced gene expression obtained by gene transfection using unmodified and Man-PEG(2000) bubble lipoplexes with US exposure. On the other hand, activation of AP-1 and NFκB pathways followed by US exposure was hardly involved in the inflammatory responses in the gene transfection using this method. These findings suggest that activation of AP-1 and NFκB followed by US exposure is involved in the enhanced gene expression using unmodified and Man-PEG(2000) bubble lipoplexes with US exposure, and the selection of pDNAs activated by US exposure is important in this gene transfection method

The Measurement of Blood Coagulation Process in Extracorporeal Circuit Using LED Photoacoustic Imaging

Blood coagulation is measured by using a pressure sensor in a blood circuit, but it is not quick responsive because it is detected by pressure rise caused by coagulation. In this study, we have investigated a method to detect blood clotting at an early stage using photoacoustic imaging, which is thought to be more sensitive. The LED with a wavelength of 850 nm was used as a photoacoustic light source. An ultrasonic wave generated by thermal expansion of mouse blood sealed in a microtube was observed, and also many ripples were observed with time and the coagulation of blood progressed. It was also observed that the waveform considered to correspond to coagulation of blood broadens with time. It was found from the above that there is a possibility that the state of blood clotting can be observed from outside the circuit of the extracorporeal circulation device by using the LED as a light source

Trion confinement in monolayer MoSe2 by carbon nanotube local gating

We have successfully confined trions into a one-dimensional restricted space of a MoSe2 device with CNT gate electrodes. The dry transfer process, including deterministic dry transfer of aligned CNTs, has led to an hBN-encapsulated MoSe2 device with CNT back gate electrodes. In contrast to a location without CNT gate electrodes, applying voltage via CNT gate electrodes significantly alters PL spectra at a location with CNT gate electrodes. PL imaging has revealed that image contrast from trions is linear along the CNT electrode underneath, consistent with 1D confinement of trions in response to the CNT local gating. The confinement width obtained from the PL image is 5.5 x 10^2 nm, consistent with nanoscale 1D confined trions with the diffraction limit broadening. This work has demonstrated electrical control of excitonic states at the nanoscale, leading to novel optoelectronic properties and exciton devices in the future

Isolation of Nebulin from Rabbit Skeletal Muscle and Its Interaction with Actin

Nebulin is about 800 kDa filamentous protein that binds the entire thin filament of vertebrate skeletal muscle sarcomeres. Nebulin cannot be isolated from muscle except in a completely denatured form by direct solubilization of myofibrils with SDS because nebulin is hardly soluble under salt conditions. In the present study, nebulin was solubilized by a salt solution containing 1 M urea and purified by DEAE-Toyopearl column chromatography via 4 M urea elution. Rotary-shadowed images of nebulin showed entangled knit-like particles, about 20 nm in diameter. The purified nebulin bound to actin filaments to form loose bundles. Nebulin was confirmed to bind actin, α-actinin, β-actinin, and tropomodulin, but not troponin or tropomyosin. The data shows that full-length nebulin can be also obtained in a functional and presumably native form, verified by data from experiments using recombinant subfragments

Local Gene Delivery System by Bubble Liposomes and Ultrasound Exposure into Joint Synovium

Recently, we have developed novel polyethylene glycol modified liposomes (bubble liposomes; BL) entrapping an ultrasound (US) imaging gas, which can work as a gene delivery tool with US exposure. In this study, we investigated the usefulness of US-mediated gene transfer systems with BL into synoviocytes in vitro and joint synovium in vivo. Highly efficient gene transfer could be achieved in the cultured primary synoviocytes transfected with the combination of BL and US exposure, compared to treatment with plasmid DNA (pDNA) alone, pDNA plus BL, or pDNA plus US. When BL was injected into the knee joints of mice, and US exposure was applied transcutaneously to the injection site, highly efficient gene expression could be observed in the knee joint transfected with the combination of BL and US exposure, compared to treatment with pDNA alone, pDNA plus BL, or pDNA plus US. The localized and prolonged gene expression was also shown by an in vivo luciferase imaging system. Thus, this local gene delivery system into joint synovium using the combination of BL and US exposure may be an effective means for gene therapy in joint disorders

Selective Gene Transfer to the Retina Using Intravitreal Ultrasound Irradiation

This paper aims to evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal ultrasound (US) irradiation for green fluorescent protein (GFP) plasmid transfer into the rabbit retina using a miniature US transducer. Intravitreal US irradiation was performed by a slight modification of the transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy system utilizing a small probe. After vitrectomy, the US probe was inserted through a scleral incision. A mixture of GFP plasmid (50 μL) and bubble liposomes (BLs; 50 μL) was injected into the vitreous cavity, and US was generated to the retina using a SonoPore 4000. The control group was not exposed to US. After 72 h, the gene-transfer efficiency was quantified by counting the number of GFP-positive cells. The retinas that received plasmid, BL, and US showed a significant increase in the number (average ± SEM) of GFP-positive cells (32 ± 4.9; n = 7; P < 0.01 ). No GFP-positive cells were observed in the control eyes (n = 7). Intravitreal retinal US irradiation can transfer the GFP plasmid into the retina without causing any apparent damage. This procedure could be used to transfer genes and drugs directly to the retina and therefore has potential therapeutic value