Studies on Fruit and Yield Traits in Indigenous Coloured Varieties of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) in South Gujarat, India

An investigation on fruit descriptors and yield in twelve mango varieties was conducted under South Gujarat conditions. Maximum fruit length was recorded in cv. Totapuri (16.23cm). Vanraj showed the highest values for fruit width (11.67cm), fruit circumference (37.37cm), fruit weight (729g), fruit volume (575.59cm3) and fruit pulp (78.93%). Maximum TSS (21.20%), acidity (0.42%) and fruit firmness (7.00 rating) was observed in cvs. Deshi-1, Deshi-3 and Makaram, respectively. 'Totapuri' had maximum total shelf-life (21.33 days), number of fruits per tree (383.00) and fruit yield (236.80kg/tree). The varieties had green to yellow ground-colour of peel. All the varieties had red-blush peel colour, excepting cvs. Dadamio, Makaram and Swarnarekha which were purplish-red. Similarly, pulp colour ranged from light yellow to light orange. Based on overall performance, cvs. Alphonso, Deshi-1, Deshi-2, Kesar, Khandesi Borasio, Totapuri and Vanraj proved to be superior to the other varieties

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Not AvailableFruit maturity and associated changes in terms of physicochemical and sensorial qualities of Khasi mandarin (Citrus reticulat Blanco) grown at different altitudes, viz. 500-600 m, 700-800 m, 900-1 000 m and 1 300-1 400 m were studied under humid tropical climate of Meghalaya. Rapid increase in fruit growth was recorded from fruit development to colour break stage, however it was slow thereafter at all the altitudes. At 500-600m and 700-800m, juice yield was recorded highest at fruit maturity stage (46.64% and 49.11%) while, it was highest in advanced fruit maturity stage (50.90% and 51.15%) at 900-1 000 m and 1 300-1 400 m. Diurnal variation in climate stimulated drop in chlorophyll (‘a’, ‘b’ and total) and promoted development of yellowish orange colouration on fruit peel at altitude of 500-600 m and 700-800 m while deep orange colouration at 900-1 000 m and 1 300-1 400 m. Significant rise in TSS and TSS: acid ratio with drop in titratable acidity were recorded during maturation. Ascorbic acid content was recorded maximum at 1 300-1 400 m (44.13 mg/100 g) and 900-1 000 m (41.05 mg/100 g) compared with 700-800 m (37.56 mg/100 g) and 500-600 m (35.66 mg/100 g) at advanced maturity stage. Duration of 1 and 1 ½ month (fruit development to colour break stage) represents maturation at 500-600 m and 700-800 m considering TSS (10.23 °B and 10.13 °B), TSS: acid ratio (13.22 and 12.60), sweetness (3.93 and 3.67), flavour (8.00 and 7.93) and appearance (8.07 and 7.87) score. While duration of 2 and 2 ½ months (fruit development to fruit maturity stage) required at 900-1 000 m and 1 300-1 400 m considering TSS (10.07 °B and 10.16 °B), TSS: acid ratio (12.40 and 12.02), sweetness (4.07 and 3.93), flavour (7.87 and 7.93) and appearance (7.93 and 8.00) score.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableDecision support system since it was designed first time in 70s took various forms from simple DSS to PDSS to IDSS (integrated decision support system). some of these types could not take off because of lack of farmers participation in its designing this excluded problems faced by farmers in cultivation of different crops. This failure of different DSS to solve the farmer’s problem led involment of the farmers in the designing of the DSS and this took the form of the PDSS (Participatory Decision Support System).While designing PDSS participation of the farmers ensured by providing interview schedule to them Project is taken in the state Meghalaya purposely because its climate is suitable for both vegetable and fruits thenDistrict Ri-Bhoi was selected purposively as the study locale for survey and collection of data in respect of fruit and vegetables, because Institute is working in these villages already so quick feedback will be getting if these villages will be taken as the study area for the project 5 villages viz: Mynan, Nonglakhia, Nongkya, Nongthymmai, Kyrden were selected purposely from the Meghalaya which are growing both fruit and vegetables. Profile information of these villages in respect of fruits and vegetables cultivation were collected through secondary data.Then 20 farmers were selected from each village. A decision support system based on the bottom up and participatory approach is a better one as compared to others .It provides problem based solution which are area specific .thus this type of DSS is more practical and have more adaptability among the farmers Collection of primary data ensures participation of the farmers in the designing of the DSS thus making it Participatory, area specific, problem oriented.Not Availabl

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Not AvailablePyrus pashia is considered as potential underutilized fruit crop for its taste, nutritive and market value. The study was conducted to find out variation among local genotypes of P. pashia in Khasi and Jaiòtia Hills of Meghalaya. Significant variation of physico-chemical characters of fruits was found among fruits of different genotypes (p d” 0.05). Fruit length ranged from 19.81 mm to 45.02 mm, fruit diameter (22.19-52.89 mm), fruit weight (5.69-71.21 g), pulp weight (3.80-42.96 g) and fruit volume (3.40-66.40 cc). While, irrespective of genotypes, fruit possessed eye basin and gritty pulp texture. Similarly, total soluble solids varies from 6.02 to 11.82%, titratable acidity (0.27-0.40%) and TSS:Titratable acidity (14.94-41.62). Peel a* value ranged from 9.74 to 17.54 in shoulder, 10.24-18.27 in middle and 9.53-17.28 in bottom portion of the fruit and seed weight ranging from 0.34 to 0.57 g. Genotype 3 showed promising for fruit dimension, fruit weight, pulp weight and fruit volume over other genotypes. Genotype–1 was found highest for TSS and minimum titratable acidity. Similarly, Genotype – 3 had appealing appearance as indicating by a* value. Therefore, variation observed might be useful for selection of promising genotypes and for inclusion as parental line in breeding programme.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableA field experiment was conducted to study the effect of magnesium, boron and zinc along with recommended doses of NPK and organic manure on growth, yield and quality of sweet potato. The treatments consist of T1 : Recommended dose of FYM and NPK, T2 : Recommended dose of FYM and NPK + soil application of MgSO4 @ 20kg/ha, T3 : Recommended dose of FYM and NPK + soil application of Borax @ 15kg/ha, T4 : Recommended dose of FYM, NKP + Dipping of cutting for 15 minutes in 2% Znso4.7H2O, T5 : Recommended dose of FYM, NPK + Mg + B + Zn treatments, T6 : (control). Result revealed that highest vine length (393.03 cm), no of branches (9.0), leaf length (8.57 cm) and leaf width (9.07 cm) were recorded in T3 which was however statistically at par with T5. Tuber size (length: 14.12 cm and girth: 4.98 cm) and tuber yield (25.78 t/ha) was found highest in T5 which was statistically at par with T3. Similarly, highest dry matter (26.24 %), total sugars (3.72%) and starch content (20.49 %) was recorded in T5. From the experiment, it appeared that application of magnesium, boron and zinc along with recommended doses of NPK and organic manure can be used to improve growth, yield and quality of sweet potato.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableFlemingia vestita locally called as ‘Soh-phlang’ belongs to the family Fabaceae. It is an underutilized minor tuber crop domesticated in Indian subcontinent and restricted to its cultivation in Khasi and Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya, Northeast India. Being a leguminous crop, it is known to improve soil quality. The edible tuberous roots are consumed after peeling off the outer yellowish skin and have been an indigenous vermifuge drug among the Khasi and Jaintia tribals. The crop is also known to possess high market value, i.e., Rs. 100-300 per Kg in the local markets. This leguminous tuber crops can serve as a key to future food and nutritional security for small and marginal farmers of Meghalaya.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableHailstorm is frequently occurs in Meghalaya and caused crops damage and losses including houses. In Umiam areas, it was observed on 03rd, 16th and 17th April, 2018 which affected horticultural crops particularly Khasi mandarin at varying degrees. The incident has reduced the commercial and appealing value of the crops. So far meagre information is available on impact of hail damage on horticultural crops. Therefore, the main objective of this study was conducted to monitor the impact of hail storm on Khasi mandarin and other horticultural crops. Result showed significant damaged in all the crops at varying degree; however, the severity of damage was higher at flowering, fruit setting, fruiting stage, and nursery stage. In Khasi mandarin, the damage for leaves was recorded (8.33%), flowers (46.66%) and fruits (42.76%), while flower drop (62.66%) and fruit drop (53.67%) was observed. In peach, hailstorm causing 61.3% damage to matured fruit, 22.5% fruit drop and 32.0% leaf damaged. In all the ornamental flower crops, the damage is measured in term of damaged stalk and broken shoot tip. In gerbera, damage occurrence was recorded 86.66% in leaves and flowers, 92.33%. In gladiolus, the damage was recorded 13.66% in leaves and 96.66% in flowers. In dolichos bean, flower drops (pole type, 53.54-61.48%; bush type, 55.86-57.69%) and fruit drop (pole type, 17.53-23.68%; bush type, 59.09- 66.67%). In tomato, flower drop (31.25- 89.41%) and fruit drop (14.29-31.43%) was recorded. The flower and fruit drops in vegetables may lead to 35-58% yield loss in dolichos bean and 30-45% in tomato due to hailstorm. The tender seedlings of Khasi mandarin at two leaf stage were highly damaged (93.33%) leading to its drying and dying. Result show that it is the need of the hour to develop pre-event measures post hail storm strategies to minimize crop losses.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThis study was carried out to characterize the newly evolved hybrids of gerbera under AICRP floriculture at ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam during 2013-16. It was observed that fan and pad polyhouse recorded higher performance for vegetative and floral characters of gerbera hybrids over open field conditions. Hybrids RCGH-117, 22 and RCGH-113 had maximum vegetative characters. However, maximum number of suckers was produced in hybrid RCGH-117 and RCGH-19. Hybrid RCGH-117, 114 and RCGH-22 showed maximum flower stalk length, flower stalk diameter, flower diameter and number of flowers. The longest field life was noted in hybrids RCGH-12 and RCGH- 113; however, RCGH-114 exhibited maximum vase life (6.88 days). Present results suggested that characterization of traits would be of great help to identify promising gerbera hybrids for domestic as well as export market and also assist in selection of potential parents for their further utilization in gerbera improvement programmes.Not Availabl

Diversity in leaf morphology and physiological characteristics amongmango (Mangifera indica) cultivars popular in different agro-climaticregions of India

The present study was aimed to characterize eight different mango cultivars, viz., ‘Alphonso’, ‘Borsha’,‘Himsagar’, ‘Fazli’, ‘Langra’, ‘Dashehari’, ‘Totapuri’ and ‘Neelum’ popularly grown in different agro-climatic regions in India. Significant differences in gas exchange and leaf morphological characters were observed among cultivars. Higher photosynthesis rate (PN) was recorded in ‘Borsha’, ‘Himsagar’, ‘Langra’ and ‘Neelum’. Across the cultivars PN and CE (carboxylation capacity) were highest in ‘Neelum’ followed by ‘Borsha’. ‘Langra recorded highest WUE and WUEi. The SLA and SLW were maximum in ‘Totapuri’ and ‘Dashehari’ respectively. Maximum epicuticular wax content (ECW) was observed in ‘Totapuri’. The content of Chl a, Chl b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids was highest in ‘Alphonso’. Adaxial and abaxial stomatal numbers were highest in ‘Totapuri’ and ‘Langra’, respectively. The variations in leaf morphology, gas exchange and related traits may be linked to genotypic variation suitable for different agro-climatic regions in India.IIH

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Not AvailableAmong horticultural crops, fruit crops play an important role in nutritional value and income security of the world. With increasing population, there is tremendous pressure on establishment of new orchards with the introduction of non-traditional fruit crops to meet the ever rising demand. However, the successful performance of orchard depends on the application of advance technology. Therefore, it is critical that a potential fruit grower makes correction decisions based upon sound information on agro-ecology, management of fruit orchard and marketing chain. One potential solution in making appropriate decision in orchard development and post-harvest management is the automated Geographic Information System (GIS), a computer-assisted system for the capture, storage, retrieval, analysis, manipulate geographic data in various formats and display of spatial data. GIS is a kind of precision agriculture which is helping in increase productivity with minimal input which inturn increases the cost-benefit economics of agricultural crops including fruit orchards. In the paper, potential use of GIS techniques in land suitability, climatic, ecological suitability, nutrients management, yield monitoring, germplasm management and pest and diseases management and marketing of various fruit crops are reviewed. Few constrains of GIS technique are discussed.Not Availabl