87 research outputs found
Prevalence of mental health conditions and relationship with general health in a whole-country population of people with intellectual disabilities compared with the general population
Background: There are no previous whole-country studies on mental health and relationships with general health in intellectual disability populations; study results vary.
Aims: To determine the prevalence of mental health conditions and relationships with general health in a total population with and without intellectual disabilities.
Method: Ninety-four per cent completed Scotlandâs Census 2011. Data on intellectual disabilities, mental health and general health were extracted, and the association between them was investigated.
Results: A total of 26 349/5 295 403 (0.5%) had intellectual disabilities. In total, 12.8% children, 23.4% adults and 27.2% older adults had mental health conditions compared with 0.3, 5.3 and 4.5% of the general population. Intellectual disabilities predicted mental health conditions; odds ratio (OR)=7.1 (95% CI 6.8â7.3). General health was substantially poorer and associated with mental health conditions; fair health OR=1.8 (95% CI 1.7â1.9), bad/very bad health OR=4.2 (95% CI 3.9â4.6).
Conclusions: These large-scale, whole-country study findings are important, given the previously stated lack of confidence in comparative prevalence results, and the need to plan services accordingly
Mental illâhealth in mothers of people with intellectual disabilities compared with mothers of typically developing people:A systematic review and metaâanalysis
Background:
Mothers of people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) face exceptional challenges and may be more prone to experiencing mental illâhealth compared with mothers of typically developing people. These mental illâhealth problems may differ at different stages of the caregiving trajectory. However, there is no evidence synthesis on this topic. We aimed to systematically review evidence in this area and identify gaps in the existing literature.
Method:
Prospero registration: CRD42018088197. Medline, Embase, CINAHL and PsycINFO databases were searched. No time limits were applied. Studies were limited to English language. Inclusion criteria were studies of mothers of people with IDs that also included a comparison group of mothers of typically developing/developed children. Data were extracted from selected studies using a structured database. Study selection and quality appraisal were double rated. Where possible, metaâanalyses were performed.
Results:
Of the retrieved articles, 32/3089 were included, of which 10 reported on anxiety, 21 on depression and 23 on other indicators of mental illâhealth. Overall, previous studies reported that mothers of people with IDs experienced poorer mental health as compared with mothers of typically developing people. Metaâanalyses revealed significant findings for anxiety, depression, parenting stress, emotional burden and common mental disorders, but not for somatic symptoms. However, there was a considerable heterogeneity; hence, interpretation of results should be cautious. Identified gaps included scarce research on mental illâhealth of mothers of adults with IDs at different stages of the caregiving trajectory.
Conclusions:
There is evidence of poorer mental illâhealth in mothers of people with IDs compared with mothers of typically developing people, but lack of focus on different stages of the caregiving trajectory, methodological inconsistencies between studies and lack of robust studies pose limitations. This highlights the need both for improved support for mothers of people with IDs and for further methodologically robust research
Physical and mental health of young people with and without intellectual disabilities: cross-sectional analysis of a whole country population
Background:
Transition to adulthood may be a period of vulnerability for health for individuals with intellectual disabilities. No large-scale studies have compared the health of individuals with and without intellectual disabilities undergoing transition. The aims of this study were (1) to compare health during transition for individuals with and without intellectual disabilities across a whole country population and (2) to establish whether transition is associated with health in the population with intellectual disabilities.
Methods:
Data were drawn from Scotland's Census, 2011. Frequency data were calculated for young people with and without intellectual disabilities. Logistic regressions were used to determine the extent to which intellectual disabilities account for seven health outcomes (general health, mental health, physical disabilities, hearing impairment, visual impairment, long-term illness and day-to-day activity limitations), adjusted for age and gender. Within the intellectual disabilities population, logistic regressions were then used to determine whether age group (13â18 or 19â24 years) is associated with the seven health outcomes, adjusted by gender.
Results:
A total of 5556/815 889 young people aged 13â24 years had intellectual disabilities. Those with intellectual disabilities were 9.6â125.0 times more likely to have poor health on the seven outcomes. Within the population with intellectual disabilities, the 19- to 24-year-olds with intellectual disabilities were more likely to have mental health problems than the 13- to 18-year-olds, but did not have poorer health on the other outcomes. The difference between age groups for mental health problems was greater for young people who did not have intellectual disabilities, but their overall level of mental health problems was substantially lower than for the young people with intellectual disabilities.
Conclusions:
This largest-to-date study quantifies the extent of the substantial health disparities experienced by young people with intellectual disabilities compared with people without intellectual disabilities. The young population with intellectual disabilities have substantial health problems; therefore, transition between child and adult services must be carefully planned in order to ensure that existing health conditions are managed and emerging problems minimised
Prevalence of sensory impairments, physical and intellectual disabilities, and mental health in children and young people with self/proxy-reported autism: observational study of a whole country population
This study investigated the comorbid conditions in a whole country population of children/young people aged 0â24âyears with and without autism. Data were drawn from Scotlandâs Census 2011. We calculated the percentage with autism, their extent of comorbid conditions, odds ratio (with 95% confidence intervals) of autism predicting comorbidities, adjusted for age and gender, and odds ratio for age and gender predicting comorbidities within the cohort with autism. A total of 25,063/1,548,819 (1.6%) had autism: 19,880 (79.3%) males and 5183 (20.7%) females. Autism had an odds ratio of 5.4 (5.1â5.6) for predicting deafness/partial hearing loss, odds ratio of 8.9 (8.1â9.7) for blindness/partial sight loss, odds ratio of 49.7 (38.1â64.9) for intellectual disabilities, odds ratio of 15.7 (13.4â18.5) for mental health conditions, odds ratio of 15.8 (14.1â17.8) for physical disability and odds ratio of 3.9 (3.8â4.0) for other conditions. Females with autism were more likely to have each additional condition than males, including intellectual disabilities, suggesting they may have more severe autism than males and adding evidence that autism may be currently underdiagnosed in more intellectually able females. These conditions are disabling and have a significant impact on long-term quality of life; their coexistence with autism adds extra complexity. It is important to raise cliniciansâ awareness of this extent of comorbidity, and to have accurate prevalence data to plan prevention and intervention measures, and to follow health inequality trends
Prevalence of long-term health conditions in adults with autism: observational study of a whole country population
Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of comorbid mental health conditions and physical disabilities in a whole country population of adults aged 25+ withâand without reported autism.
Design: Secondary analysis of Scotlandâs Census, 2011 data. Cross-sectional study.
Setting: General population.
Participants: 94% of Scotlandâs population, including 6649/3 746 584 adults aged 25+ reportedâto have autism.
Main outcome measures: Prevalence of six comorbidities: deafness or partial hearing loss, blindness or partial sight loss, intellectual disabilities, mental health conditions, physical disability and other condition; ORs (95% CI) of autism predicting these comorbidities, adjusted for age and gender; and OR for age and gender in predicting comorbidities within the population with reported autism.
Results: Comorbidities were common: deafness/hearing lossâ17.5%; blindness/sight lossâ12.1%; intellectual disabilitiesâ29.4%; mental health conditionsâ33.0%; physical disabilityâ30.7%; other conditionâ34.1%. Autism statistically predicted all of the conditions: OR 3.3 (95% CI 3.1 to 3.6) for deafness or partial hearing loss, OR 8.5 (95% CI 7.9 to 9.2) for blindness or partial sight loss, OR 94.6 (95% CI 89.4 to 100.0) for intellectual disabilities, OR 8.6 (95% CI 8.2 to 9.0) for mental health conditions, OR 6.2 (95% CI 5.8 to 6.6) for physical disability and OR 2.6 (95% CI 2.5 to 2.8) for other condition. Contrary to findings within the general population, female gender predicted all conditions within the population with reported autism, including intellectual disabilities (OR=1.4).
Conclusions: Clinicians need heightened awareness of comorbidities in adults with autism to improve detection and suitable care, especially given the added complexity of assessment in this population and the fact that hearing and visual impairments may cause additional difficulties with reciprocal communication which are also a feature of autism; hence posing further challenges in assessment
General health of adults with autism spectrum disorders - a whole country population cross-sectional study
Background:
General health status in adult populations with autism spectrum disorders has been little studied. We aimed to investigate general health status and predictors of poor health in adults with autism spectrum disorders compared with other adults.
Method:
Whole country data were drawn from Scotlandâs Census, 2011. We calculated and compared the frequencies of health status in adults with and without autism spectrum disorders. We then used logistic regressions to calculate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of autism predicting poor general health in the whole population, adjusted for age and gender, and OR (95% CI) of age and gender predicting poor general health within the autism spectrum disorders population.
Results:
Autism spectrum disorders were reported for 6649/3,746,584 (0.2%) adults aged 25+years, of whom 46.8% (Nâ=â3111) had poor general health, compared with 23.7% (Nâ=â887,878) of other people. Poor health was common across the entire lifecourse for adults with autism spectrum disorders. Autism had ORâ=â5.1 (4.9â5.4, 95% CI) for predicting poor general health, or ORâ=â7.5 (6.9â8.2, 95% CI) when the interaction with age was included. Poorer health was more common at older age, and for women.
Conclusions:
Poor general health merits attention across the full lifecourse for adults with autism. Health practitioners need to be alert to the burden of potential health problems to seek them out to be addressed, and so the health agenda can turn towards potential mechanisms for prevention and better support for adults who may call upon services for people with autism
Polish diagnostic and therapeuthical recommendations for neuroendocrine tumors of the digestive system
Unexpected changes of itinerary â adaptive functioning difficulties in daily transitions for adults with autism spectrum disorder
Cadmium Malignantly Transforms Normal Human Breast Epithelial Cells into a Basal-like Phenotype
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