Salinity and hydrology of the Wamballup Swamp catchment

The Mills Lake Catchment is located north of the Ongerup-Jerramungup Road, 35 km west of Jerramungup and 10 km north-east of Ongerup. It covers about 23,800 ha of agricultural land that is more than 90% cleared and predominantly cropped. The average annual rainfall of the catchment is about 370 mm. Many low-lying parts of the study area have become salt-affected during recent years. The extent of soil salinity is growing rapidly and it is feared that, without any treatment, more land will become salt-affected

The salinity and hydrology of Cranbrook

The study area covers the Cranbrook townsite and two catchments that affect it. The Cranbrook Town is located 85 km north-north-west of Albany and it has a population of 320 people (1190 in the Shire; ABS Census 1991). Cranbrook is experiencing salinity problems. Saline groundwater levels are close to the soil surface and cause deterioration of buildings, roads, infrastructure, death of trees and scalding of land including the sporting ground

The salinity and hydrology of the Tambellup townsite and Jam Creek Catchment

The study area covers the Tambellup Town and the Jam Creek Catchment (top photograph on cover). The Tambellup Town is located 115 km north of Albany. The town has a population of 360 people (800 in the whole Shire). Tambellup is experiencing increasing salinity problems. Saline groundwater levels are close to the soil surface and cause deterioration of buildings, roads, infrastructure, death of trees and scalding of land including the sporting grounds. Many hectares of land in the Jam Creek Catchment has become salt-affected and salinity is on increase. The objective of this study was to define the present salinity status of the Tambellup Town and develop management strategies to overcome or reduce the severity of salinity. The Catchment Hydrology Group has been asked to study the salinity status of the Tambellup townsite and suggest management options which reverse the increasing salinity trend

Salinity and hydrology of the Mills Lake Catchment

The Mills Lake Catchment is located north of the Ongerup-Jerramungup Road, 35 km west of Jerramungup and 10 km north-east of Ongerup. It covers about 23,800 ha of agricultural land that is more than 90% cleared and predominantly cropped. The average annual rainfall of the catchment is about 370 mm. Many low-lying parts of the study area have become salt-affected during recent years. The extent of soil salinity is growing rapidly and it is feared that, without any treatment, more land will become salt-affected

Treating some solid state problems with the Dirac equation

The ambiguity involved in the definition of effective-mass Hamiltonians for nonrelativistic models is resolved using the Dirac equation. The multistep approximation is extended for relativistic cases allowing the treatment of arbitrary potential and effective-mass profiles without ordering problems. On the other hand, if the Schrodinger equation is supposed to be used, our relativistic approach demonstrate that both results are coincidents if the BenDaniel and Duke prescription for the kinetic-energy operator is implemented. Applications for semiconductor heterostructures are discussed.Comment: 06 pages, 5 figure

Investigation of a saline valley on Allandale Research Farm

Geophysical surveys and drilling were used to investigate a saline valley on Allandale Research Farm. These techniques showed that the geology is controlling the location of two main areas of saline seeps and they identified another area at risk of increased salinity. They were also used to obtain information on the groundwater system and to assist in making management recommendations. Electromagnetic terrain conductivity surveys showed that the most saline soils occurred upstream of a cross-cutting magnetic anomaly caused by a dolerite dyke. A seismic survey showed that the anomaly coincided with a bedrock rise. This bedrock rise restricts groundwater flow through the catchment and forces saline groundwater to the surface where it evaporates causing salts to build up in the soil profile. A second area of saline surface soils occurs further downstream. Outcrops of granite in the creek indicate that another bedrock rise is the cause for the location of this seep. A third area in the valley upslope from the main saline area has a high subsoil conductivity and is immediately upslope of a second magnetic anomaly. This area may become more saline in the future. Drilling confirmed the seismic profile near the dolerite dyke in the main saline area. It also indicated that deep groundwater pressures are above ground level along the whole of the valley/ becoming higher with increased distance downstream. The quality of the groundwater ranged from 3,500 to 6,500 mg.Cl-1/L. Three recommendations are made for the area: (i) the construction of an interceptor drain/ upslope of each saline area, to reduce waterlogging; (ii) fencing the saline areas, and revegetating to salt tolerant grasses, bushes and trees; (iii) limiting recharge on coarse textured soils in the catchment above the valley by growing crops and/or trees with high evapotranspiration potentials

Families of stable and metastable solitons in coupled system of scalar fields

In this paper, we obtain stable and metastable soliton solutions of a coupled system of two real scalar fields with five five discrete points of vacua. These solutions have definite topological charges and rest energies and show classical dynamical stability. From a quantum point of view, however, the V-type solutions are expected to be unstable and decay to D-type solutions. The induced decay of a V-type soliton into two D-type ones is calculated numerically, and shown to be chiral, in the sense that the decay products do not respect left-right symmetry.Comment: 9 pages and 5 figure

Functional differentiation under simultaneous conservation constraints (Constrained functional differentiation in statistical physics and hydrodynamics)

Analytical formulae for functional differentiation under simultaneous K-conservation constraints, with K the integral of some function of the functional variable, are derived, making the proper account for the simultaneous conservation of normalization and statistical averages, e.g., possible in functional differentiation in nonvariationally built physical theories, which gets particular relevance for nonequilibrium, time-dependent theories.Comment: final version, published in J Phys A; 14 pages; with (34)-(35) and a note after (10) added (to v3