Direct-write planar microultracapacitors by laser engineering

We have successfully employed laser direct write and micromachining to fabricate high capacity hydrous ruthenium oxide (RuO x H y or RuO 2 • xH 2 O) microultracapacitors. A laser direct-write process is used to deposit uniform pads of RuO 2 • 0.5H 2 O in sulfuric acid under ambient temperature and atmospheric conditions. Ultraviolet laser micromachining is used to tailor the shape and size of the deposited material into planar electrodes. The specific capacitance of the laser-deposited materials is comparable to reported values of ϳ720 F/g. The microultracapacitors demonstrate linear charge and discharge behavior at currents below 1 mA, as expected for an ideal capacitor. By studying the charge storage and power output as a function of discharge current, the power can be successfully modeled assuming only simple ohmic losses. Parallel and series combinations of these microultracapacitor cells provide the expected addition of capacitance. Maximum discharge currents of 50 mA are applied to two cells in parallel without damage to the microultracapacitor cells. The microultracapacitors exhibit high specific power and specific energy with over 1100 mW/g at approximately 9 mWhr/g for an 80 g cell with a footprint of 2 mm 2 and a thickness of 15 m

Annual program review chemical recovery and corrosion, March 24-25, 1999

"March 24-25, 1999."Control of evaporator fouling: project F016-02 / W. Schmidl ... [et al.] ; Control of non-process elements in kraft pulp mills and bleach plants: project F017-04 / J. Frederick , W. Schmidl , A. Rudie ; Closed mill salt recovery: project F01706 / P. Pfromm , D. Taylor ; Elimination of the calcium cycle: direct electrolytic causticizing of kraft smelt: project 4182 / P. Pfromm ... [et al.] ; VOC control in kraft mills, task b: development of a membrane separation technology: project 415702 / P. Pfromm ... [et al.] ; Recycling of bleach plant filtrates using electrodialysis: project 4160 / S.-P. Tsai ... [et al.] ; Removal of inorganics from closed-cycle papermachine white water / P. Pfromm ; Behavior of polymeric toner in recycling / P. Pfromm ; Impedance spectroscopy for on-line characterization of papermaking furnishes / P. Pfromm ; Ultrafiltration of bleach effluent: new approaches for partial closure / P. Pfromm ; Fundamentals of dregs removal: project F01707 / H. Jeff Empie , Murray Ellis (PAPRO) , Maribeth Amundsen ; VOC in kraft mills: project F01708 / Junyong Zhu , Garry Heedick ; Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in kraft mills streams - Henry's law constant of methanol in pulping spent liquors: project F01708 report 5 / J.Y. Zhu , P.H. Liu , and X.S. Chai ; Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in kraft mills streams - The formation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during pulping: project F01708 report 4 / J.Y. Zhu , X.S. Chai, and B. Dhasmana ; Gasification of black liquor: project F028 / Kristiina Iisa , Scott Sinquefield -- Slide Material