Association of Diurnal Patterns in Salivary Cortisol With Type 2 Diabetes in the Whitehall II Study

Context: The hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal axis is thought to play a role in Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). However, the evidence for an association between diurnal cortisol patterns and T2D is equivocal. Objective: The aimwasto examine the association of cortisol patterns throughout the day with T2D status in a community-dwelling population. Design: This was a cross-sectional study of T2D status and salivary cortisol from phase 7 (2002-2004) of the Whitehall II study, United Kingdom. Setting: The occupational cohort was originally recruited in 1985-1988. Participants: Three-thousand, five-hundred eight white men and women including 238 participants with T2D aged 50-74 years with complete information on cortisol secretion participated. Outcome Measures: We measured diurnal cortisol (nmol/L) patterns from six saliva samples obtained over the course of a normal day: at waking, +30 min, +2.5, +8, +12 hours, and bedtime. The cortisol awakening response and slope in diurnal secretion were calculated. Results: T2D status was associated with a flatter slope in cortisol decline across the day (b = 0.004; confidence interval [CI], 0.001-0.007; P = .014) and greater bedtime cortisol (b = 0.063; CI, 0.010-0.117; P = 0.020) independent of a wide range of covariates measured at the time of cortisol assessment. There was no association between morning cortisol, the cortisol awakening response, and T2D (P > .05). Conclusions: In this nonclinical population, T2D was associated with a flatter slope in cortisol levels across the day and raised bedtime cortisol values

Monologue From Suzy

NO, NO. You gotta put them on with handles straight off to the right. See. Like this..

Five-Pound Party Planning

Is it the real thing at last? Ruth Hackett has ideas on five-pound party plan

Shall I Work, Wed, or Combine Both?

Marriage claimed 23 percent of the 1945-46 home economics graduates, reports Ruth Hacket

Student-Teachers Gain Valuable Experience In Iowa Communities

Blackboards, paper and pencil, colored paper cut-outs and notebooks are things with which every child is familiar after his first year in school

Predict Future Positions

How would you like to turn on the radio some day and hear predictions such as these: For foods and nutrition graduates of 1951, there will be 400 requests; child development majors, 250 positions available; applied art, 87 positions open. It would certainly be a help to the home economics freshman who is trying to pick the most likely department in which to major

1940s

The Forties saw the beginning and the end of the War. In the first part a man was either 4-F or in the service, and the campus ratio wasn\u27t as favorable to women as usual. The shift brought more women to Iowa State College because families didn\u27t have to pay to put their sons through school, and they sent their daughters. In 1941, home economics enrollment hit a peak of nearly 1,800 students

Association between optimism and incident stroke among stroke survivors:findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

Background: Personality has been implicated in stroke death. However, the role of personality in stroke incidence is unclear. Purpose: Our primary aim was to investigate associations between optimism, determination, control, and the "Big Five"personality traits on incident stroke. A secondary aim was to assess the potential mediating role of health behaviors in the personality-stroke relationship. Methods: A total of 3,703 stroke-free participants from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing provided data on personality using the Midlife Development Inventory at Wave 5 (2010/11). Self-reported incident stroke was assessed from Waves 6 to 8 (2012-2017). Associations were modeled using discrete-time survival proportional odds logistic models. Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic factors, history of other cardiometabolic diseases, and health behaviors. Results: Over 6 years follow-up there were 125 incident strokes. Higher optimism (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.53, 0.82), openness (HR = 0.72; 95% CI 0.53, 0.98), and conscientiousness (HR = 0.59; 95% CI 0.42, 0.84) were associated with reduced incident stroke risk in unadjusted models. After adjustment for sociodemographic factors and history of cardiometabolic disease, only the association between optimism and incident stroke remained significant (HR = 0.72; 95% CI 0.57, 0.92). The effect of optimism remained significant in a final model adjusting for health behaviors (HR = 0.75; 95% CI 0.60, 0.96). There was evidence of a small but significant mediating effect of physical activity. Conclusions: Higher trait optimism was associated with reduced stroke risk. This association was partially mediated by physical activity albeit the effect was small, and caution warranted inferring causality. The interplay of personality, behavior, and clinical risk factors in stroke incidence and survivorship needs further investigation.</p

Loneliness and type 2 diabetes incidence:Findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

Aims/hypothesis: Loneliness is associated with all-cause mortality and coronary heart disease. However, the prospective relationship between loneliness and type 2 diabetes onset is unclear. Methods: We conducted a longitudinal observational population study with data on 4112 diabetes-free participants (mean age 65.02 ± 9.05) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Loneliness was assessed in 2004–2005 using the revised University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale. Incident type 2 diabetes cases were assessed from 2006 to 2017. Associations were modelled using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusting for potential confounders, which included cardiometabolic comorbidities. Results: A total of 264 (6.42%) participants developed type 2 diabetes over the follow-up period. Loneliness was a significant predictor of incident type 2 diabetes (HR 1.46; 95% CI 1.15, 1.84; p = 0.002) independent of age, sex, ethnicity, wealth, smoking status, physical activity, alcohol consumption, BMI, HbA 1c, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Further analyses detected an association between loneliness and type 2 diabetes onset (HR 1.41; 95% CI 1.04, 1.90; p = 0.027), independent of depressive symptoms, living alone and social isolation. Living alone and social isolation were not significantly associated with type 2 diabetes onset. Conclusions/interpretation: Loneliness is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. The mechanisms underlying this relationship remain to be elucidated. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. </p