Research regarding the qualitative assessment of the contamination with antibiotic residues from the milk sold in the agro-food markets and in the commercial network in Iași

The marketing of antibiotics directly to animal owners and the intensification in recent years of the use of these drugs without the recommendation of a veterinarian has led to the increasingly frequent presence of antibiotic residues in milk that is intended either for human consumption or for obtaining dairy products. The use by processors of milk with antibiotic residues is difficult to achieve. According to European Union food safety legislation, milk harvested from cows treated with antibiotics must be collected separately, and isolated. It cannot be given for processing or human consumption. Applying thermal treatment, especially pasteurization, to milk with antibiotic residues above the maximum allowed limit has insignificant effects, processors have been convinced of this over the years. The interest of the study for the detection of antibiotic residues in milk is very current, even if the waiting period after treating the cows with antibiotics is recommended, often this period is not respected, the consideration being the significant economic losses. The rapid strip test method was done with strip tests AuroFlow, which are designed for the simultaneous detection of beta-lactams and tetracyclines. The working samples were represented by processed milk sold in supermarkets and raw milk sold in agro-food markets in Iasi. The distribution of processed milk samples was 1 positive sample each in 2 of the supermarkets where the samples were collected, these being in the percentage of 4%. UHTtreated milk in all 5 supermarkets did not show any positive tests. On the other hand, the sale of raw milk in the agrifood markets showed a percentage of 20% positive samples, out of several 25 samples examined, the rate is much higher compared to processed milk

Application of HACCP (hazard analysis critical control point) to cow telemea cheese production

Nowadays, Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points (HACCP) has become a prerequisite for transactions involving food products. Application of HACCP system in the cheese making industry proved to be beneficial and profitable, influencing consumer confidence by producing safe cheese with consistent quality. Cow TELEMEA is a ripened cheese which due to its composition (moisture, salt level) and properties is susceptible to contamination. The aim of this study was to detail the flow diagram, to assess physical, chemical and biological hazards and to identify critical control points for cow TELEMEA cheese on processing line. The results have revealed that physical, chemical and biological hazards may occur during processing and four critical control points were found: raw milk reception, raw milk storage, milk pasteurization and cold storage of cheese

Goat breeding and herds health status in the Northeast area of Romania – a short review

The goat is a species that managed to attract attention to the breeders due to the fact that they are suitable for an efficient holding in small households, have a high lactogenic capacity, high prolificacy, precocity and high degree of adaptability and resistance, occupying areas where the natural resources and field conditions do not allow the growth of other species, which is why the goat herds in our country is constantly growing. Thus, the goat population in Romania increased from 1009794 animals in 2005 to 2057309 in December 2018. Our country occupying the third place in the hierarchy of Member States of the European Union, in 2019, following countries with tradition in the goat breeding, such as United Kingdom and Spain. The most numerous are the Carpathian native goats and Banat White, a crossbreed obtained from the Carpathian and Saanen breeds, followed by French Alpine and Saanen, imported lately to improve milk production. To date, in Romanian literature had been reported researches on the subject of diseases and health problems in goats, there are studies on paratuberculosis, contagious ecthyma, infectious respiratory disorders, gangrenous mastitis, contagious agalactia, bluetongue, caprine arthritis and encephalitis, and parasitic infections as coccidiosis, tapeworm (Monezia, Cestoda) and round worms (Nematoda - Trichostrongylus sp.) infestation, etc. Although Romania has a national program for urveillance and control program for goat health status, the problems in livestock goat diagnosed and published in recent years, are poor and changing, unsystematic and insufficient. The epidemiological situation in Romania has undergone significant changes in recent years, our country is the southeastern border of the European Union, which implies an increased risk for all major animal diseases and, of course, monitoring programs and greater control than in other Member States of the European Union. An effective animal health program is an essential part of a successful dairy goat management program

Alternative methods of therapy in articular disorders in dogs and cats

Alternative medicine has no clear definition, consistent and universally accepted, but most often is defined as all products, practices and healthcare systems that are not part of conventional medical system. Complementary medicine or medicine called unconventional, alternative medicine can help treat various diseases where conventional medicine does not offer solutions. Joint diseases, particularly chronic ones, requires a long therapy with anti- inflammatory drugs, often resulting in the occurrence of secondary reactions, which require cessation of therapy, leaving the patient with pain and physical discomfort. For the most efficient and rapid recovery of locomotor or joint functions, it is recommended to apply alternative methods. In most cases of joint diseases, alternative medicine is not used alone, but together with allopathic medicine, conventional treatments to increase the efficiency and represents the combination of the most effective practices and methods of traditional medicine with conventional medicine

Correlations between the adaptive capacity in Bucovina of Limousine cows and the nutritional quality of the milk

The Limousine breed is spread on all continents in 64 countries, and Romania will be the 65th country in which it is trying to adapt this breed of cattle. Limousine is currently ranked No. 1 in England and is highly regarded in other countries, including France, No. 2, Canada, No. 2, Italy, and the United States. 3rd place. The main objective of this project is to observe the adaptability of the Limousine breed to the geo-meteorological conditions recorded in northern Romania, the Bukovina region. The aim of the paper is to evaluate from a nutritional qualitative point of view the raw milk obtained from this breed. The investigations were carried out to establish the degree of freshness, integrity and we monitored some physical-chemical and hygienic parameters of the raw material milk. Sampling was done directly from the collection vessels after milking and filtration mainly in the hot season, and their processing was done in the Food Control Laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Iasi, where a number of 38 milk samples were processed. Following the analysis of the samples, a number of 8 samples were inadequate in terms of organoleptic examination and integrity. Deviations from the organoleptic characteristics of the parameters of appearance, color, smell, and taste represented a percentage of 21.05%. The determinations of the Physico-chemical parameters were classified as inappropriate a number of 10 samples which represents a percentage of 26.31% of the total samples collected

Observations on the effectiveness of post-operative administration of nutrients and fluids in dogs and cats

It is estimated that thousands of surgeries are taking place in dogs and cats every year. Today, major trauma associated with operations is minimal due to modern techniques, but nevertheless, the patient's body requires a recovery period, and nutrition is one of the important elements that can speed up the process of healing in many ways, by providing the necessary protein and energy to the body. Pain relief as well as balancing the body after surgery, especially in serious situations, is important for the patient's well-being and comfort, as they contribute to its faster and more effective recovery. The postoperative period in animals requires special attention to the pursuit of the operated patient and the immediate treatment of possible imbalances and complications that may occur. Pain, hypothermia, shock, vomiting, nerve phenomena (excessive vocalizations) are the main phenomena that unspeakable patients manifest in the postoperative period. The mechanisms for the production and maintenance of nocyceps are multiple, tolerance for pain is an individual parameter in relation to the age, gender, terrain and mental state of the patient. Because around postoperative care there is a multitude of opinions and controversies from the owners, sometimes even veterinarians, it was necessary that through this study we make known the benefits of specialized care and the need for permanent monitoring of the patient within the first 72 hours after surgery, by administering drug therapy to reduce pain, relieve the patient, as well as to support large functions

The importance of implementing a HACCP plan in food service operations and restaurants

The European Union has shown that the post-industrial market economy has led to the production of food products above the level of consumer needs in the member states. This development has generated new types of issues, due to the production of food at industrial scale. In order to cope with food and nutrition illnesses and to restore consumer confidence in food safety, the European Commission has launched a series of new legislative amendments on food safety (Marin V. et al, 2007). The Good Hygiene Practices Guide in restaurants establishes, according to the legislation in force, a set of rules referring to the part of food hygiene, which must be followed and applied in restaurants. Potential risks of contamination of food and/or beverages are identified in these plans and a series of measures are developed to prevent these risks. The plan also includes the hygiene rules that must be observed by the employees and the kitchen staff. Operators operating in the field of food must guarantee for its products, comply with the legislative requirements and permanently implement these requirements, in order to release for consumption safe products for the final consumer. The purpose of this paper is to keep in mind the scope of this study focusing on the storage, handling, processing and distribution of all products, including the cooked product to be consumed. Thus, all biological, chemical or physical hazards that may occur during the cooking process of the product are taken into account. The HACCP team will ensure that all foodstuffs used in the preparation of cooked products comply with food safety legislation

Diagnostic methods and therapeutic options in dog skin allergies – a short review

Allergy is an exaggerated reaction of the body, which occurs after the contact with various substances that the immune system considers foreign and acts against them. Like humans, dogs can be allergic to various substances which, when inhaled or absorbed through the skin, airways or gastrointestinal tract, stimulate the immune system by releasing histamine that induces inflammation, erythema, edema and itching. It is considered that all the cases of allergies, whether low, moderate or severe, are genetic in nature. Dogs that become allergic to drugs, vaccines, food, dust, pollen, fleas, various household substances, etc., are "genetically programmed" to have an immune system capable of producing an allergic reaction. The allergic reaction is not due to medication, biological products, food or the environment, but it is considered to be a genetic trait inherited from parents. Because there are different types of allergies and many conditions that can cause skin problems in dogs, the symptoms they present differ from one allergy to another, from one patient to another, requiring both diagnosis and treatment to be made differential for each type of allergy and for each individual. The symptoms of allergic reactions can be diagnosed through allergic tests (intradermal or blood tests), the individual removal of allergens from the dog's living environment (in case of parasitic allergy), or by reagent therapy. Fighting allergies involves the use of antihistamines, antiinflammatory corticosteroids, topical antipruritic substances, leukotrienes inhibitors, as well as various plant extracts with antiallergic effect

Fish meat – a potential danger for consumers`health

Fish is an excellent source of Omega 3 protein and fatty acids, which have the property of reducing cholesterol, maintaining a healthy heart, and even helping to prevent depression. Also, meat fish is a lean meat with low calorie but delicious assortment of meat, and is recommended in the consumer's diet . The fish content vitamins (A, D, E, B12), minerals (phosphorus, iodine, potassium) and healthy fats that can not be synthesized in the human body and must be fed through food. How healthy the fish meat is, the more dangerous it can be in terms of its safety for the consumer, and more precisely the presence of parasitic hazards. The main objectives of this paper are to describe the parasitic hazards of fish meat to indicate the proper preparation of fish meat and to increase consumer awareness of the risks associated with the consumption of this type of meat, threats of parasitic nature. Avoiding the consumption of untreated or poorly treated fish meat is one of the preventive measures that need to be taken to avoid fish parasites

Traceability - an important step in food safety

Traceability is a topical issue used in the food processing industry, ensuring the economic operator the safety of purchasing raw materials from the external and internal market for their transformation into safe food products that reach the consumer's table. Traceability also emphasizes customer brand protection requirements. Traceability and withdrawal procedures are currently the most important in every segment of the food industry, as it must be ensured that their traceability efforts are at the highest standard to protect the brand image on the market. These growing requirements are pushing food processors to maintain traceability upstream and downstream in the supply chain. Given the expansion of the global market and the speed with which goods move around the world, it is understandable that the authorities are increasingly concerned with developing rules on traceability. There are priority approaches in the field of food, which have the greatest impact on consumers, given the frequency of consumption and the imperative nature of the need for food. , respectively: European Food Safety Authority - EFSA (Europe) and the National Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Authority - ANSVSA (Romania) [12,13]