Humanism: a Progressive Direction for a Human's Public Life

At the present time there is an interest in humanistic ideas, the need to comprehend eternal universal values. In the article the authors emphasize the importance of the topic of humanistic views in the social life of man. It is described in detail that humanism is a progressive trend in the social life of different historical eras, which is based on the recognition and deep respect for the rights and freedoms of the individual

The internal political situation in the ottoman empire during the first balkan war on materials of tatar journalists

© The authors. The relevance of the investigated problem is caused by the need of the coverage of little-known episodes in the Russian-Turkish relations, which is the period of the Balkan wars. The purpose of the article is to analyze the materials of the Tatar journalists, who worked in Istanbul in the first months of the Balkan War (November-December 1912) and studied he political situation in the Ottoman Empire. We use historical and situational method, as a leading approach to the investigation of this problem which involves the study of historical facts in the context of the era being studied in conjunction with the "neighboring" events and facts. Having studied the materials of the Tatar journalists that were in Istanbul during the Balkan War, we can conclude that they had close ties with their local counterparts, as well as many Ottoman politicians, and have seen, and possibly were the members of the political struggle in the capital of the Ottoman Empire. The materials may be useful for a deeper and more accurate coverage of history, both Turkey and the Muslims of Russia

Some issues of the organization of elective training in the light of modernization of the Russian educational system

© the author(s). The relevance of the research is determined by the importance of modernization of Russian education in high school which provides specialized education and is designated as a means of differentiation and individualization of learning. The aim of the article is to study changes in the structure, content and organization of educational process. Elective courses (electives) play an important role in the system of Special Education. Unlike optional courses, currently existing at school, elective courses are obligatory. The main approaches used in this research are analysis and systematization. According to the concept of Special Education at the senior level of general education approved by the Russian Ministry of Education differentiation of learning content in high school is based on various combinations of three types of courses: basic, core, elective. Each of these types of courses contributes to the objectives of Special Education. However, you can select the range of tasks, prior for each type of course. The main results of the study allow taking more fully into account the interests, aptitudes and abilities of students, creating conditions for their training according to their professional interests and intentions with regard to continuing education. The materials of the study may be used by educational administrative staff while settling the schedule of a studying course

ТООL SUPPLY THREAD IN PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY OF HIGHTEMPERATURE AND TITANIUM ALLOYS

Tap machining of high-temperature strength and titanium materials is considered

Prognostic Biomarkers of Pre-Eclampsia in Pregnant Women

Summary. According to various authors, the incidence of preeclampsia (PE) in pregnant women in our country ranges from 8 to 20% and does not tend to decrease. It has been shown that the pathogenesis of preeclampsia fits into the systemic inflammatory response syndrome with disturbances in the immune system and an imbalance in cytokine regulation. The aim of the study was to study pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines in women with preeclampsia of varying severity. Material and methods. We examined 76 pregnant women with PE aged from 24 to 36 years at a gestation period of 28–38 weeks. Of these, 42 developed PE (main group), and 34 women had no symptoms of PE (comparison group). 28 women with a physiological pregnancy formed the control group. The levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-4 and IL-10) in blood serum were studied by ELISA. Results. In pregnant women with PE upon admission to the hospital, the blood serum levels of IL-1β increased by 1.3 times (p < 0.05), IL-8 by 7 times (p < 0.001) and a decrease in the level of IL-4 by 2 times (p < 0.001). And in pregnant women without signs of PE, these changes in cytokine synthesis were less pronounced (p < 0.01). Conclusion. Maintaining a dynamic balance in the cytokine system plays an important role for the normal development of pregnancy. Th2-type cytokines promote normal trophoblast differentiation and its full invasion and, therefore, mediate the prolongation of physiological pregnancy. Switching to the synthesis of Th1-type cytokines and their enhanced production leads to disruption of trophoblast differentiation and invasion with the development of pregnancy pathology

Parameters of passive working bodies of potato digging machine

The major working housing of potato digging machines is a plowshare on which energy costs and the quality of potato digging depend. The examination aims to justify the parameters of the plowshare and the divider of the combined digging working body. The constructive scheme of a potato-digging machine with a combined digging working body, the results of theoretical studies on the substantiation of the primary parameters of the main and intermediate plowshares and the divider, are presented. A special laboratory installation was used to conduct experiments. During the experiments, dividers with different capture widths were made, and the angle of the plowshare installation to the horizon was changed. The degree of damage and loss of the tuber and the traction resistance of the plowshares were taken as evaluation criteria. The outcome of the experimental investigation to determine the parameters of the plowshare is presented. Based on theoretical studies, analytical dependencies, and mathematical models were obtained that allow determining the parameters of the plowshare and the divider of the potato digging machine. It was found that for intensive destruction of the tuberous formation with minimal energy consumption and uniform transportation, the width of the colter of the combined working housing must be 45 cm, the perspective of the plowshare razor solution 90°, the perspective of inclination of the plowshare to the skyline within 27-30°, the length of the plowshare 40 cm, the width of the divider should be 45 cm, its length 39 cm, the angle the solution is 60°, the angle of installation of the working surface to the horizon in the transversely vertical plane is 65° and the range from the toe of the intermediate plowshare to the divider is 32.6 cm

Достоверность линейной взаимосвязи технико-экономических показателей энергоблоков 300 МВт тепловых электростанций

For 300 MWt gas-and-oil-burning power units which durability exceeds the estimated one, when comparing and ranking, it is necessary to take into account not only efficiency indicators (for example, the specific consumption of conventional fuel), but also indicators of reliability and safety. In practice, this is exactly what is being done. However, it is being done just by intuition. An intuitive approach solves this problem, but not always certainly. It would seem that there is a quite fully developed mathematical apparatus for regression and correlation analysis, a set of algorithms and calculation programs. But there is one specific feature that, if it is not taken into account, further increases the risk of an erroneous decision. The fact is that the average monthly data on the technical and economic indicators of power units do not belong to the samples from the general population that correspond to the normal distribution law, the latter being a necessary condition for using such methods. This is a non-random sample from a finite set of multidimensional data. Naturally, the methods of classification of multidimensional data are not simple; they require the development of special calculation programs that recommend solutions for maintenance and repair, load distribution, etc. The article presents only one, but very important issue of the problem, viz. the assessment of the reliability of the assumption about the linear relationship of technical and economic indicators. Its solution will simultaneously demonstrate difficulties in comparing the efficiency of aging power units. It is noted that the known and practically used method for assessing the reliability of the linear regression equation, based on the construction of a “confidence corridor” or “uncertainty band”, does not allow one to answer the main question, viz. whether the relationship of the considered technical and economic indicators corresponds to a linear one. A new method for evaluating this relationship is proposed, based on constructing a fiducial domain of possible regression line implementations. It is shown that for small values of the number of sample implementations, a significant part of independent samples has a correlation coefficient exceeding 0.9.Для энергоблоков 300 МВт на газомазутном топливе, срок службы которых превышает расчетный, при сравнении и ранжировании приходится учитывать не только показатели экономичности (например, удельный расход условного топлива), но и надежности и безопасности. На практике так и поступают. Однако учет этот интуитивный. Интуитивный подход решает данную проблему, но далеко не всегда достоверно. Казалось бы, существуют достаточно полно разработанный математический аппарат для регрессионного и корреляционного анализа, множество алгоритмов и программ расчета. Но есть одна особенность, неучет которой еще больше увеличивает риск ошибочного решения. Дело в том, что среднемесячные данные о технико-экономических показателях энергоблоков не относятся к выборкам из генеральной совокупности, соответствующим нормальному закону распределения, что является необходимым условием применения таких методов. Это неслучайная выборка из конечной совокупности многомерных данных. Естественно, методы классификации многомерных данных не просты, требуют разработки специальных программ расчета, рекомендующих решения по техническому обслуживанию и ремонту, распределению нагрузок и др. В статье приводится лишь один, но очень важный вопрос проблемы – оценка достоверности предположения о линейной взаимосвязи технико-экономических показателей. Его решение одновременно покажет трудности в сопоставлении эффективности работы энергоблоков стареющего типа. Отмечается, что известный и используемый на практике метод оценки достоверности уравнения линейной регрессии, основанный на построении «доверительного коридора» или «полосы неопределенности», не позволяет ответить на главный вопрос: соответствует ли взаимосвязь рассматриваемых технико-экономических показателей линейной? Предложен новый метод оценки этой взаимосвязи, основанный на построении фидуциальной области возможных реализаций линий регрессии. Показано, что для малых значений числа реализаций выборок значительная часть независимых выборок имеет коэффициент корреляции, превышающий 0,9

КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ВИРУСНЫХ ГАСТРОЭНТЕРИТОВ СМЕШАННОЙ ЭТИОЛОГИИ У ДЕТЕЙ РАННЕГО ВОЗРАСТА В Г. БАКУ, АЗЕРБАЙДЖАН

The article presents the results of studying the etiological structure and clinical features of acute intestinal infections (AII) in young children in Baku, Azerbaijan. In most cases, the disease has a viral etiology and proceeds in the form of gastroenteritis. At the same time in the age groups 6—12 months and 1—3 years of life, viral intestinal infections in 72.72% of cases have a mixed etiology (usually viral-viral), with a predominance of rotavirus infection. Taking into account the obtained results, it is necessary for all children of early age with AII, in addition to routine diagnostics, to conduct research using modern methods for virus verification (Latex-test, PCR).В статье представлены результаты изучения этиологической структуры и клинических особенностей острых кишечных инфекций (ОКИ) у детей раннего возраста в г. Баку, Азербайджан. В большинстве случаев заболевание имеет вирусную этиологию и протекает в виде гастроэнтерита. При этом в возрастных группах 6—12 мес. и 1—3 лет жизни вирусные кишечные инфекции в 72,72 % случаях имеют смешанную этиологию (чаще вирусно-вирусную), с преобладанием ротавирусной инфекции. Учитывая полученные результаты, необходимо всем детям раннего возраста с ОКИ, помимо рутинной диагностики, проводить исследование с применением современных методов на верификацию вирусов (РЛА, ПЦР)

ЭТИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ СПЕКТР ВОЗБУДИТЕЛЕЙ ВИРУСНЫХ ГАСТРОЭНТЕРИТОВ У ДЕТЕЙ В Г. БАКУ

The article presents the results of research on the study of etiology, the logical structure of viral diarrhea in Baku (Azerbaijan) in 2015. It was found that more than half (62.6%), gastroenteritis in children of viral etiology, of which the leading role as an etiological factor, have a company — and adenoviruses, among infants astroviruses. But-roviral gastroenteritis and enterovirus takes only insignificant-tive percentage of cases. There were no significant differences in the proportion of virustion of diarrhea depending on the age of the patients was not revealed.В статье представлены результаты изучения этиологической структуры вирусных диарей в г. Баку (Азербайджан) за 2015  год. Установлено, что более половины (62,6%) гастроэнтеритов у детей — вирусной  этиологии,  из них ведущее значение, как этиологический фактор, имеют ротаи аденовирусы, у детей грудного возраста — астровирусы. Норовирусные и энтеровирусные гастроэнтериты занимают лишь незначительный процент. Существенных различий в удельном весе вирусных диарей в зависимости от возраста больных не выявлено