The world’s forests are a stabilizing element of the climate system

In addition to climate change bringing high temperatures and drier weather, factors that increased the severity of wildfires or drought-factories caused by climatic change — factors that increase the severity of wildfires and fired forests—the potential of some forests to fully recover from such extreme weather conditions may be hampered or even weakened by past and present land management practices. At the moment, returning to normalcy may be difficult even in areas with occasional wildfires that are an integral part of ecosystem development. The long-term effects from human influenced change disrupt this natural dynamics and can lead to disruption for some reason even in areas where occasional wildfires are an integral part of ecosystem development, as the long-term effects of human-induced climatic change disrupt these natural dynamics. Wildfire intensity can lead to short-term increases in gasoline prices, long-term declines of carbon sequestration capabilities and an unexpected decrease in carbon stocks for the regions that have not experienced fire in the past

Functional classification of forests: Study of carbon sequestration

The article substantiates the relevance of developing a functional classification of forests based on the effectiveness of their performance of ecosystem functions. Using the example of nine types of coniferous-deciduous forests that dominate the European part of Russia and operate in autonomous positions of the landscape, we demonstrate a possible approach to assessing their function of regulating the carbon cycle based on the relationships between informative indicators of vegetation composition, soil macrofauna and ecosystem processes associated with sequestration soil carbon. The lowest level of soil carbon accumulation is characterized by coniferous-deciduous forests on sandy soils, characterized by low functional diversity and low earthworm biomass. A high stock of soil carbon is demonstrated by forests with a more uniform distribution of functional groups of plants with rapidly and slowly decomposing litter within the vegetation. This is explained by the creation of trophic and topical conditions favorable for the functioning of earthworms - active processors of litter in coniferous-deciduous forests. Large-scale assessment of the relationships between vegetation, soil biota, and ecosystem processes that shape the carbon cycle regulation function of Russian forests is an urgent scientific task in connection with climate change issues. Based on an assessment of the effectiveness of the performance of various ecosystem functions by forests of different types, identified in Russia using vegetation classifications, a functional classification of forests can be created

Carbon balance of sandy loam soils in arid landscapes of the Chechen Republic

The spatial variability of the stability of soil aggregates and its relationship with runoff and soil erosion were studied in a semi-arid environment in the field in order to assess the validity of the stability of structures as an indicator of soil erosion in soils of sandy loam ridges. The influence of soil and relief properties on the variability of aggregate stability was also investigated. Significant relationships were found in the number of water droplets required to break down the aggregate, as well as the rate of runoff and erosion. The most significant correlation was found between the number of droplet impacts and the soil organic matter content. The stability of aggregates in the upper soil layer is apparently a valuable indicator of field runoff and inter-season soil erosion of sandy loamy ridges in semi-arid conditions

Carbon capacity of gray forest soils in the Chechen Republic

Common areas of research needed to measure soil carbon include: (1) the impact of forest management, (2) the impact of climate change, and (3) the impact of increased carbon dioxide. The organic matter of the soil has a great influence on the productivity of the site due to its effect on the physical (bulk density, water retention capacity), biological (microbial populations) and chemical (cation exchange capacity) properties of soils. Recently, there have also been claims of the benefits of dead wood for forest ecosystems. However, as with all nutrients, too much carbon in the soil can have negative consequences, especially with regard to nitrogen immobilization

Exogenous relief-forming processes and phenomena on the territory of the Chechen Republic

Landslide, also known as landslide, is a geological phenomenon that includes a wide range of ground movements such as rockfalls, deep slope collapse and shallow mudflows. Landslides can occur at sea, on the coast and on land. While gravity is the main driving force behind a landslide, there are other factors that affect the initial stability of the slope. Typically, preconditions create certain subsurface conditions that make the site / slope prone to collapse, while the actual landslide often requires a trigger before being triggered. Landslide studies help identify weak areas, classify hillsides into different categories, and minimize the impact of landslides

Potential landslide territories and their functional use in the Chechen Republic

Each type of natural phenomenon manifests itself in certain conditions at a certain period of time and in a certain territory. For example, for mountainous areas such natural phenomena as mudflows, avalanches, earthquakes are most typical, and for the plains - dust storms, floods. But those and other phenomena can occur on the plains and in the mountains, but the consequences will be different. For example, the slow-flowing water during flooding on the plains and the seething streams of mountain rivers can lead to various negative consequences. Knowledge of the features of natural phenomena and processes makes it possible to prepare in advance for a predicted situation and take measures, which greatly reduces the possible risk. This paper discusses the features of the manifestation of exogenous geological processes characteristic of the mountainous part of the Chechen Republic

Landscape and Landslide Manifestation in the Residential Areas of the Mountainous Parts of the Chechen Republic

Landslides occur when the slope is composed of water-bearing and water-resistant rocks. Large blocks of hard rocks (block landslides) and individual blocks (block landslides) can move. The speed of landslides is different. Some cover a distance of about 100 m per year, others move much faster and are dangerous natural phenomena that can cover residential buildings and outbuildings and lead to human casualties. By origin, landslides are distinguished: seismogenic, caused by earthquakes; arising from the saturation of the surface of the slopes with water and a change in their slope; anthropogenic - as a result of improper economic activity. The reason for the displacement of the mass of loose rocks may be the washing away of the slope area with the aquifer. Landslides affect the banks of rivers, lakes and seas both in platform areas and in mountainous folded areas

Features of Landslide Manifestations in the Mountainous Parts of the Chechen Republic

In the distribution of landslides on the territory of the North Caucasus, there is a regularity associated with the latitudinal zonality of the climatic and geological conditions of landslide formation. On the territory of the North Caucasus, landslides of sliding, squeezing out, upflow of the current, subsidence and complex, distinguished by the mechanism of mixing, are developed. General factors - the processes of formation of landslides in all types: causing a change in the configuration of slopes (an increase in their height and steepness to values exceeding the critical ones for this type of rock; bottom and side erosion); causing a regressive change in the physical and mechanical properties of rocks (weathering, moistening of surface and ground waters); causing additional pressure on rock masses (hydrodynamic and hydrostatic pressure, seismic shocks); anthropogenic, causing changes in slopes and slopes (undercutting, and artificial watering, overloading with dumps and earthworks, vibrodynamic loads)

Abstracts of The Second Eurasian RISK-2020 Conference and Symposium

This abstract book contains abstracts of the various research ideas presented at The Second Eurasian RISK-2020 Conference and Symposium.The RISK-2020 Conference and Symposium served as a perfect venue for practitioners, engineers, researchers, scientists, managers and decision-makers from all over the world to exchange ideas and technology about the latest innovation developments dealing with risk minimization