The alternative of green open space management in Jakarta City, Indonesia

At the present time, the application of policy management of urban green open space of Jakarta have many weakness that caused by overlapping management. There are three institutions of management of urban green open space, those are Park Service (Dinas Pertamanan),, Forest Service (Dinas Kehutanan),, and Agricultural Service (Dinas Pertanian), which are all of them are under the scope of local government of DKI Jakarta. The management consists of several basic activities, including planning and controlling, organizing, human resources, coordination and financing. The prominent indicator associated with the managing urban green open space that related to the aspect of "market failure", it is commonly indicated by public goods, asymmetry of information, externality and aspect of “government failure”. It is also indicated by problems lingered around regulation of law, bureaucracy and bureaucrat agent. The core of the main problems in the policy of management formulation of urban green open space in Jakarta is the lack of managements" of urban green open space of DKI Jakarta. This was indicated by variety of critics coming from the members of society in DKI Jakarta about the function of it, where it will result the impact of environment.In the relation to that problem, there are two questions raised: a. What caused the management of the urban green open space in DKI Jakarta unsuccessful? b. What kind of factors that hampered the management of the urban green open space? As the follow up of the questions above is giving the alternatives to solve that hampered, then, the question is, How is the policy alternative to solve the lack of management of the urban green open space in DKI JakartaThe objective of study is getting the policy to manage the urban green open space in DKI Jakarta. The reflecting of the objective above was explained in the set of policy such as in the regulation and the institutional

Stable characteristic classes of smooth manifold bundles

Characteristic classes of oriented vector bundles can be identified with cohomology classes of the disjoint union of classifying spaces BSO_n of special orthogonal groups SO_n with n=0,1,... A characteristic class is stable if it extends to a cohomology class of a homotopy colimit BSO of classifying spaces BSO_n. Similarly, characteristic classes of smooth oriented manifold bundles with fibers given by oriented closed smooth manifolds of a fixed dimension d\ge 0 can be identified with cohomology classes of the disjoint union of classifying spaces BDiff M of orientation preserving diffeomorphism groups of oriented closed manifolds of dimension d. A characteristic class is stable if it extends to a cohomology class of a homotopy colimit of spaces BDiff M. We show that each rational stable characteristic class of oriented manifold bundles of even dimension d is tautological, e.g., if d=2, then each rational stable characteristic class is a polynomial in terms of Miller-Morita-Mumford classes.Comment: 52 page

Effect Of Import Tariff Implementation Policy On Refined Sugar Product Competitiveness In Indonesia

This research is intent to determining: (a) the effect of welfare distribution with applied import tariff of the government revenue, consumer expenditures, producer revenues, and efficiency losses (in production, in consumption and net effect), and (b) the level of competitiveness of cane sugar in Indonesia by calculating the Domestic Resource Cost (DRC). The research using libraries research method, that is collecting data from the related preceding researches and other references such as magazines, journals, bulletins and the like. The research result showed that : (a) the government revenue, change of consumer surplus, producer surplus, economic net loss in production and consumption and exchange gain economization, are influenced by the import tariff and elasticity price toward supply and demand, so that the welfare distribution value will be bigger; (b) sugar product competitiveness in Indonesia by knowing cane field calculation in East Java both wet and dry field is higher than the same product from other countries as it is shown by the value of DRC<1.Sugar, Welfare Distribution, Domestic Resource Cost (DRC), and Import tariff, Agribusiness,