Grazing System Effects on Enteric Methane Emissions from Cows in Southern Iowa Pastures

Forage mass and nutritional quality were measured in the total forage monthly from May through September and in live forage in the upper half of the sward in June and August and related to body weights, body condition scores and daily methane emissions in pastures grazed at a stocking rate of 1.98 cows per hectare by continuous, rotational or strip-stocking at a limited forage allowance over 3 years. Strip stocking tended to increase total forage mass in comparison to continuous or rotational stocking from July through October, while increasing in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) and decreasing neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations in the total live forage compared to continuous stocking in August through October. Strip stocking increased the live forage mass in the upper half of the sward in August, but live forage in the upper half of the sward in rotationally stocked pastures had greater IVDMD and crude protein concentrations than pastures grazed by continuous or strip-stocking and lower NDF concentrations than pastures grazed by strip-stocking in August. Cow body weights and condition scores of cows in strip-stocked pastures in mid to late season were lower than cows in continuously or rotationally stocked pastures, but daily methane emissions in June or August did not significantly differ between stocking systems. Results imply limiting intake of lower quality pasture forage has negative effects on cow body weight and condition while not affecting daily methane emissions

Whole Farm Nutrient Balance Under Different Grazing Systems: Project Overview

The amount of phosphorus (P) in surface runoff from agricultural lands is of concern because of the potential for eutrophication of Iowa’s waterways. Currently, there is limited information about the total P loads in surface runoff coming from pastureland in the Midwest. Much of the P runoff is likely associated with sediment. Because foliage limits soil disruption caused by the impact of raindrops and because forage roots hold soil particles, forages harvested at an appropriate height, through suitable grazing management, should maintain water infiltration and minimize sediment and P loss in surface runoff from pastures. Grazing management may influence utilization of P by the animal, by impacting P digestibility. The objective of this project is to quantify P flows through systems operated under different grazing management practices. Figure 1 illustrates P inputs and outputs in the grazing system

Effects of Forage Maturity on Phosphorus Digestion in Beef Cows

For environmental reasons, minimizing phosphorus excretion from cattle is of great interest. Current estimates of forage phosphorus digestibility by cattle consider that phosphorus digestibility does not change with composition of the pasture. To better estimate phosphorus (P) excretion, estimates of P digestibility for forages of different compositions are needed. Four crossbred cow/calf pairs were stocked on four pastures managed with grazing (G) or grazing with hay removal (G/H). Forage was maintained in paddocks at 50% removal. Collected pasture samples and fecal samples from cows administered chromic oxide were analyzed for P, NDF, and ADL contents. Rumen evacuations of steers were conducted to evaluate composition of consumed forage for each treatment. Forage analyzed from paddocks where steers grazed demonstrated no grazing management effects on composition, which was evidenced by no differences in composition of rumen contents of the steers. Analysis of the 13th rib bone concludes the cattle were not deficient in phosphorus. Year 1 results suggest that pastures managed under a combination of grazing and initial hay removal resulted in greater P content of the forage and concomitant increased P excretion by cows consuming that forage. There was no treatment effect for P retention, however a there was a date effect with the G treatment having higher P retention in July and September. These results verify that grazing management practices can have a substantial effect on water pollution potential

Nutritional and Phytochemical Content of High-Protein Crops

The authors acknowledge support from the Scottish Government’s Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division (RESAS) via their strategic research and partnership programs.Peer reviewedPostprin

Invasive Plants Are a Valuable Alternate Protein Source and Can Contribute to Meeting Climate Change Targets

This work was funded by the Scottish Government through RESAS as part of its strategic research programme. We would like to thank William Rees and Teresa Grohmann for their time in helping with preparation of the manuscript. Jacqueline Wallace (Rowett Institute) and Robin Walker (SRUC) for providing plant samples. Donna Henderson and Jodie Park for technical assistance in NSP measurements. Susan Anderson for technical assistance in amino acid profiling. Gary Duncan and Lorraine Scobbie for technical assistance in phenolic profiling. Lisa Guerrier, Salomé Leveque (IUT- Clermont-Ferrand, France), who assisted and observed procedures as part of their lab-skill training. We would also like to thank Graham Horgan (BIOSS, Rowett Institute) for advise on the statistical analysis. We would like to thank the NHS for its incredible commitment to keeping us safe during these harsh times.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Rapid method for quantification of anthocyanidins and anthocyanins in human biological samples

This work was performed with the support of “The Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division (RESAS),” Scotland, U.K.Peer reviewedPostprin

Derivati feniloctene kiseline s antioksidativnim učinkom iz sjemenki biljke Ilex aquifolium

Reversed-phase preparative HPLC analysis of the methanol extract of the seeds of Ilex aquifolium afforded two antioxidant phenylacetic acid derivatives, 2,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (1) and 2,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid methyl ester (2). The structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. In the DPPH assay for antioxidant activity, the IC50 values of 1 and 2 were 1.50 x 10-3 and 2.55 x 10-3 mg mL-1, respectively, compared to 2.88 x 10-5 mg mL-1 of quercetin, a natural antioxidant.Reverzno-faznom preparativnom HPLC analizom metanolnog ekstrakta sjemenki biljke Ilex aquifolium izolirana su dva derivata feniloctene kiseline s antioksidativnim učinkom, 2,4-dihidroksifeniloctena kisleina (1) i metilni ester 2,4-dihidroksifeniloctene kiseline (2). Njihove strukture određene su spektroskopskim metodama. U DPPH testu na antioksidativno djelovanje, IC50 vrijednosti spojeva 1 i 2 bile su 1.50 x 10-3 i 2.55 x 10-3 mg mL-1, dok je IC50 prirodnog antioksidansa kvercitina bila 2.88 x 10-5 mg mL-1

Advances in the Understanding of the Genetic Determinants of Congenital Heart Disease and Their Impact on Clinical Outcomes

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143784/1/jah33022.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143784/2/jah33022_am.pd

Exploring Health-Promoting Attributes of Plant Proteins as a Functional Ingredient for the Food Sector : A Systematic Review of Human Interventional Studies

Peer reviewedPublisher PD