Opportunistic Third-Party Backhaul for Cellular Wireless Networks

With high capacity air interfaces and large numbers of small cells, backhaul -- the wired connectivity to base stations -- is increasingly becoming the cost driver in cellular wireless networks. One reason for the high cost of backhaul is that capacity is often purchased on leased lines with guaranteed rates provisioned to peak loads. In this paper, we present an alternate \emph{opportunistic backhaul} model where third parties provide base stations and backhaul connections and lease out excess capacity in their networks to the cellular provider when available, presumably at significantly lower costs than guaranteed connections. We describe a scalable architecture for such deployments using open access femtocells, which are small plug-and-play base stations that operate in the carrier's spectrum but can connect directly into the third party provider's wired network. Within the proposed architecture, we present a general user association optimization algorithm that enables the cellular provider to dynamically determine which mobiles should be assigned to the third-party femtocells based on the traffic demands, interference and channel conditions and third-party access pricing. Although the optimization is non-convex, the algorithm uses a computationally efficient method for finding approximate solutions via dual decomposition. Simulations of the deployment model based on actual base station locations are presented that show that large capacity gains are achievable if adoption of third-party, open access femtocells can reach even a small fraction of the current market penetration of WiFi access points.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure

The Role of AI in Perceptions of Distributive, Procedural, and Interactional Justice

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has seen explosive growth in development and publicity in recent years. Some estimates predict that AI may be responsible for as much as 25% of the growth in the US economy by the year 2035, and organizations in a wide range of industry sectors are seeking to employ AI to capture heretofore inaccessible benefits. Likewise, high quality management and leadership have been recognized both in the academic and practitioner literatures as a core component of organizational performance. As AI continues to evolve, it is predicted to play a more central role in organizational processes traditionally conducted through human-to-human interaction. The goal of this study is to identify how the substitution of AI as an intelligent actor within a business process influences the social system in which that process operates

Rural Philanthropic Analysis Project- Case Study New Mexico

A case study of effective rural philanthropic wokr in New Mexico informed by site visitors supported by the Rural Philanthropic Analysis project at Campbell University

DNA-linked nanoparticle building blocks for nanostructure assembly and methods of producing the same

A method of producing a nanoparticle assembly. The method includes attaching a first DNA molecule to a bead to form a first DNA-bead complex; and combining a nanoparticle with the first DNA-bead complex to form a nanoparticle-DNA-bead complex having one DNA molecule attached to the nanoparticle

A single supplement of a standardised bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) extract (36 % wet weight anthocyanins) modifies glycaemic response in individuals with type 2 diabetes controlled by diet and lifestyle

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Aluminum/alkaline earth metal composites and method for producing

A composite is provided having an electrically conducting Al matrix andelongated filaments comprising Ca and/or Sr and/or Ba disposed in the matrixand extending along a longitudinal axis of the composite. The filaments initially comprise Ca and/or Sr and/or Ba metal or alloy and then may be reacted with the Al matrix to form a strengthening intermetallic compound comprising Al andCa and/or Sr and/or Ba. The composite is useful as a long-distance, high voltage power transmission conductor