Electronic nematic order in the normal state of strontium ruthenate

Despite significant achievements in characterizing the properties of Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ over the last three decades, the precise nature of its electronic ground state is still unresolved. In this work, we provide a missing piece of the puzzle by uncovering evidence of electronic nematic order in the normal state of Sr$_2$RuO$_4$, revealed by ultrafast time-resolved optical dichroism measurements of uniaxially strained thin films. This nematic order, whose domains are aligned by the strain, spontaneously breaks the four-fold rotational symmetry of the crystal. The temperature dependence of the dichroism resembles an Ising-like order parameter, and optical pumping induces a coherent oscillation of its amplitude mode. A microscopic model of intra-unit-cell nematic order is presented, highlighting the importance of Coulomb repulsion between neighboring oxygen $p$-orbitals. The existence of electronic nematic order in the normal state of Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ may have consequences for the form and mechanism of superconductivity in this material

Finishing Beef Cattle on Grass Supplemented with Self-fed By-Products

Consumers are showing increasing interest in beef from cattle that are finished or fattened on grass rather than in a conventional feedlot. Also recently, Iowa has had a proliferation of plants that produce ethanol from corn. The by-product of this process is distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). The objective of this study was to feed beef cattle to market weight (or as near as possible) by grazing them on cool-season grass supplemented with self-fed byproduct pellets

Prospectus, January 27, 1970

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The Entropy of Dimethyl Sulfide from Low Temperature Calorimetric Measurements. Restricted Rotation of the Methyl Groups

In order to arrive at a satisfactory theory for the potential restricting the rotation of methyl groups in many molecules, it is desirable to determine how the magnitude of the barrier depends on the kind of atom to which the methyl groups are bonded. Recently we have obtained an estimate of the barriers in dimethyl sulfide by comparing the entropy obtained from calorimetric measurements extending to low temperatures with that computed from molecular data

Finishing Beef Cattle on Grass with Self-Fed By-Products

There has been increasing interest by consumers in beef from cattle that are finished or fattened “on grass” rather than in a conventional feedlot. Also recently, Iowa has had a proliferation of plants that produce ethanol from corn. The byproduct of this process is distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). The objective of this study was to feed beef cattle to market weight by grazing cool-season grass supplemented with self-fed by-product pellets

Effects of Corn Crop Residue Grazing on Soil Physical Properties and Subsequent Soybean Production in a Corn-Soybean Crop Rotation (A Progress Report)

The highest cost to beef cow-calf producers is the feeding of stored feeds in winter months. To lower feed costs, many producers will try to extend the grazing season into the winter. The primary resource for winter grazing in the Midwest is corn crop residues. On the average, corn crop residue grazing will reduce the amount of hay needed to maintain cows by approximately one-half ton per acre grazed over the winter. Although crop residue grazing is quite effective in reducing feed costs, some producers are concerned that corn residue grazing will have an adverse effect on soybean yields the following year resulting from soil compaction. It has already been proven that the use of large machinery will cause soil compaction in wet conditions and that it reduces corn grain yields from 6 to 10%

Winter grazing of corn residues: Effects on soil properties and subsequent crop yields from a corn-soybean crop rotation

Corn residues could be a good resource for winter cattle grazing. The study investigates whether winter grazing causes soil compaction and yield reduction in crops that are planted following grazing

Finishing Beef Cattle on Grass with Self-Fed By-Products 2006 Results

There has been increasing interest by consumers in beef from cattle that are finished or fattened “on grass” rather than in a conventional feedlot. Also recently, Iowa has had a proliferation of plants that produce ethanol from corn. One by-product of this process is distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). The objective of this study was to feed beef cattle to market weight by grazing cool-season grass supplemented with self-fed by-product pellets

Effects of Corn Crop Residue Grazing on Soil Physical Properties and Subsequent Soybean Production in a Corn–Soybean Crop Rotation (A Progress Report)

Beginning in 1999, two locations in Iowa (Chariton, Atlantic) were used to study the effects of corn residue grazing by beef cows on soil characteristics and soybean yields the following growing season. Cows were allowed to graze inside selected paddocks at monthly periods throughout the fall and winter. For a grazed and ungrazed comparison, grazing exclosures were used inside the grazed paddocks, while one paddock was left ungrazed for a control. Also, the following year, equal portions of the fields went to no-tillage and disked soil prior to soybean planting so that effects of corn residue grazing on tillage treatments could be compared. The use of this design was to determine whether grazing had adverse effects on soil characteristics and, if so, at what date and weather conditions they occurred. Soil was analyzed for soil bulk density, moisture, penetration resistance, roughness, texture, and type. Corn crop residues were collected for yield, cover, and composition. Precipitation and soil temperature also were recorded throughout the grazing season. The following year, soybeans were harvested using a combine equipped with a yield monitor and global positioning system (GPS). After two years of study at both locations, some grazing fields with corn crop residue have shown effects on soil and crop residue characteristics. Organic matter (OM) yield of crop residue generally decreases at the faster rate in grazed fields than organic matter of ungrazed fields. However, corn crop residue composition was the same in grazed and ungrazed fields except for the 1999-2000 season at Chariton where crude protein decreased but acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) increased with no difference in fiber content between grazed and ungrazed paddocks. Corn crop residue cover and soil roughness both can be greatly affected by the interaction of grazing and weather conditions. When the temperature is above freezing and precipitation is adequate, cattle traffic can cause roughness, while reducing residue cover by working it into the soil. Even though grazing corn residue by cattle can increase the surface roughness, it has not yet caused any increase in bulk density measurements or any reduction in soybean yields. Penetration resistance ratios have shown some significant difference between grazed and ungrazed paddocks, but the reason is unclear