International Entrepreneurship Education

Entrepreneurship for engineering students must be taught within the global context. Lacking that, graduates will be ill prepared to be internationally competitive. Any engineering graduate who does not scour the earth for new ideas, developments and designs is not competitive. And any engineer who does not look at the total world marketplace for sale of products is limiting potential success. This paper will outline what every entrepreneurially minded student should have in the way of competencies, attitudes, communication strategies, cultural understandings, business mores, multinational corporate logistics, and macroeconomics understandings. It will outline cultural soft skills needed, as well as hard-nosed business skills. Many US universities may be prepared to work effectively with internationally minded students, but engineering students typically do not get involved ñ only 2 to 3 percent of engineering students get a meaningful international exposure prior to graduation. Among other constraints, engineering faculty members are less than aggressive in encouraging them to get such experience. To meet the needs of engineering students, institutional and individual partnerships must be created to promote international collaborations, including design projects, international internships, exposure to successful entrepreneurs from other parts of the world including developing countries, etc

Surface-mediated attraction between colloids

We investigate the equilibrium properties of a colloidal solution in contact with a soft interface. As a result of symmetry breaking, surface effects are generally prevailing in confined colloidal systems. In this Letter, particular emphasis is given to surface fluctuations and their consequences on the local (re)organization of the suspension. It is shown that particles experience a significant effective interaction in the vicinity of the interface. This potential of mean force is always attractive, with range controlled by the surface correlation length. We suggest that, under some circumstances, surface-induced attraction may have a strong influence on the local particle distribution

Research Notes : United States : Evaluation of soybean germplasm for stress tolerance and biological efficiency : To evaluate soybean germplasm and cultivars for stress tolerance toward - Soil Acidity

Field experiments conducted on a silt loam soil with six culti-vars under four pH ranges (5.9-6.7, 5.7-6.5, 5.3-6.0 and 5.0-5.6) in-dicated significant tolerance of \u27Bedford\u27 and \u27Forrest\u27 under acid soil pH ranges. The two cultivars were superior to \u27Bragg\u27, \u27Braxton\u27, \u27Co-237\u27, and \u27Tracy M\u27 in 1981 and 1982 trials. However, lowering of pH to 4.6-5.4, 4.5-5.4, 4.1-5.1, and 3.8-4.5 resulted in nullified seed formation in all the cultivars

Viscoelasticity of two-layer-vesicles in solution

The dynamic shape relaxation of the two-layer-vesicle is calculated. In additional to the undulation relaxation where the two bilayers move in the same direction, the squeezing mode appears when the gap between the two bilayers is small. At large gap, the inner vesicle relaxes much faster, whereas the slow mode is mainly due to the outer layer relaxation. We have calculated the viscoelasticity of the dilute two-layer-vesicle suspension. It is found that for small gap, the applied shear drives the undulation mode strongly while the slow squeezing mode is not much excited. In this limit the complex viscosity is dominated by the fast mode contribution. On the other hand, the slow mode is strongly driven by shear for larger gap. We have determined the crossover gap which depends on the interaction between the two bilayers. For a series of samples where the gap is changed systematically, it is possible to observe the two amplitude switchings

Robust Algorithm to Generate a Diverse Class of Dense Disordered and Ordered Sphere Packings via Linear Programming

We have formulated the problem of generating periodic dense paritcle packings as an optimization problem called the Adaptive Shrinking Cell (ASC) formulation [S. Torquato and Y. Jiao, Phys. Rev. E {\bf 80}, 041104 (2009)]. Because the objective function and impenetrability constraints can be exactly linearized for sphere packings with a size distribution in $d$-dimensional Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^d$, it is most suitable and natural to solve the corresponding ASC optimization problem using sequential linear programming (SLP) techniques. We implement an SLP solution to produce robustly a wide spectrum of jammed sphere packings in $\mathbb{R}^d$ for $d=2,3,4,5$ and $6$ with a diversity of disorder and densities up to the maximally densities. This deterministic algorithm can produce a broad range of inherent structures besides the usual disordered ones with very small computational cost by tuning the radius of the {\it influence sphere}. In three dimensions, we show that it can produce with high probability a variety of strictly jammed packings with a packing density anywhere in the wide range $[0.6, 0.7408...]$. We also apply the algorithm to generate various disordered packings as well as the maximally dense packings for $d=2,3, 4,5$ and 6. Compared to the LS procedure, our SLP protocol is able to ensure that the final packings are truly jammed, produces disordered jammed packings with anomalously low densities, and is appreciably more robust and computationally faster at generating maximally dense packings, especially as the space dimension increases.Comment: 34 pages, 6 figure

Self diffusion in a system of interacting Langevin particles

The behavior of the self diffusion constant of Langevin particles interacting via a pairwise interaction is considered. The diffusion constant is calculated approximately within a perturbation theory in the potential strength about the bare diffusion constant. It is shown how this expansion leads to a systematic double expansion in the inverse temperature $\beta$ and the particle density $\rho$. The one-loop diagrams in this expansion can be summed exactly and we show that this result is exact in the limit of small $\beta$ and $\rho\beta$ constant. The one-loop result can also be re-summed using a semi-phenomenological renormalization group method which has proved useful in the study of diffusion in random media. In certain cases the renormalization group calculation predicts the existence of a diverging relaxation time signalled by the vanishing of the diffusion constant -- possible forms of divergence coming from this approximation are discussed. Finally, at a more quantitative level, the results are compared with numerical simulations, in two-dimensions, of particles interacting via a soft potential recently used to model the interaction between coiled polymers.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures .ep