Diversity in action: Exchange of perspectives and reflections on taxonomies of individual differences

Throughout the last 2500 years, the classification of individual differences in healthy people and their extreme expressions in mental disorders has remained one of the most difficult challenges in science that affects our ability to explore individuals' functioning, underlying psychobiological processes and pathways of development. To facilitate analyses of the principles required for studying individual differences, this theme issue brought together prominent scholars from diverse backgrounds of which many bring unique combinations of cross-disciplinary experiences and perspectives that help establish connections and promote exchange across disciplines. This final paper presents brief commentaries of some of our authors and further scholars exchanging perspectives and reflecting on the contributions of this theme issue

Sensitive individuals are more creative

Individual differences in cognition, affect, and personality have been explored extensively as factors in creativity, but pinpointing the exact factors has remained elusive. This review proposes that a major gap has been lack of research on the relation between creativity and temperament, which captures the biologically-based core of personality, especially studies on sensitive temperament. Sensitivity has been associated with creativity anecdotally and in early work but rarely investigated recently, particularly using recent more precise definitions of sensitivity and state-of-the-art sensitivity and creativity assessments, nor has the relationship between creativity and cognitive processes that should reflect sensitive neural processing been investigated. This review also aims to identify cognitive abilities that characterize sensitivity and their implications for creativity, concluding that orienting sensitivity is the most important trait in the multiple trait temperament of sensitivity that predicts higher creativity. Sensitive, open people are more creative due to a complex interplay of multiple traits and their associated biological pathways, which originate from plasticity genes that interact with environmental and experiential contexts to influence development of neurotransmitter systems, neurosensitivity mechanisms (especially lower inhibition), and brain networks for automatic attention and orienting

Особливості розвитку дітей перехідного віку та вплив цього періоду розвитку дитини на навчально-виховний процес

Adolescents meet a variety of difficulties on their way. Facing the challenges of the adult world, followed by hormonal, and sexual body restructuring teenagers have to win this battle, in another way, they will be destroyed by different types of eff ects. Adolescence is a secondary individuation when a child has to finally reject parents as objects of attachment, as authority fi gures find new authority figures and new objects of attraction outside the parental family. Parents, teachers and peers play an imp ortant role in adolescents growing up. Studying is one of the main tasks of adolescents. Depending on the individual peculiarities of teenagers they can try to avoid it or satisfy educational needs. The purpose of the work is to determine the peculiarities of children’s development during adolescence and define their influence on the process of education. The work was based on s cientific articles of the last decade. In the search process the terms: "adolescence/psychoanalysis", "adolescence / psychoanalytic pedagogy", "adolescence / educational problems", "adolescence / emotional problems", "adolescence/education", or "adolescenc e/parents", or "adolescence/peers" were used. It was settled that the educational activity of adolescents has its difficulties and contra dictions, but there are also advantages that a teacher can and should rely on.Os adolescentes encontram diversas dificuldades em seu caminho. Enfrentando os desafios do mundo adulto, acompanhado de reestruturação corporal hormonal e sexual, os adolescentes têm que vencer esta batalha, de outra forma, serão destruídos por diferentes tipos de efeitos. A adolescência é uma individuação secundária quando uma criança tem de finalmente rejeitar os pais como objectos de apego, à medida que as figuras de autoridade encontram novas figuras de autoridade e novos objectos de atracção fora da família parental. Pais, professores e colegas desempenham um papel importante no crescimento dos adolescentes. Estudar é uma das principais tarefas dos adolescentes. Dependendo das peculiaridades individuais dos adolescent es, eles podem tentar evitá-lo ou satisfazer necessidades educacionais. O objetivo do trabalho é determinar as peculiaridades do desenvolvimento infantil na adolescência e definir sua influência no processo de educação. O trabalho foi baseado em artigos científicos da última década. No processo de busca foram utilizados os termos: “adolescência/psicanálise”, “adolescência/pedagogia psicanalítica”, “adolescência/problemas educacionais”, “adolescência/problemas emocionais”, “adolescência/educação”, ou “adolescência/pais”, ou “adolescência/pares" foram usados. Ficou estabelecido que a atividade educativa dos adolescentes tem suas dificuldades e contradições, mas também existem vantagens nas quais um professor pode e deve contar. A principal vantagem do adolescente é a sua prontidão para qualquer tipo de atividade educativa, ele também é atraído por formas independentes de organização das aulas em sala de aula, material didático complexo e pela oportunidade de construir sua atividade cognitiva fora da escola. O grande problema do adolescente é que ele ainda não sabe realizar essa prontidão, pois não sabe realizar novas formas de atividade educativa.На своєму шляху підлітки зустрічають різноманітні труднощі. Зіткнувшись із викликами дорослого світу, з наступною гормональною та сексуальною перебудовою тіла, підлітки мають виграти цю битву, інакше вони будуть знищені різного роду впливами. Підлітковий вік є вторинною індивідуацією, коли дитина має остаточно відкинути батьків як об’єкти прихильності, оскільки авторитети знаходять нових авторитетів і нові об’єкти привабливості за межами батьківської сім’ї. Батьки, вчителі та однолітки відіграють важливу роль у дорослішанні підлітків. Навчання є одним із головних завдань підлітка. Залежно від індивідуальних особливостей підлітків вони можуть намагатися уникнути цього або задовольнити освітні потреби. Мета роботи – визначити особливості розвитку дітей у підлітковому віці та визначити їх вплив на процес виховання. В основу роботи покладено наукові статті останнього десятиліття. У процесі пошуку терміни: «підлітковий вік/психоаналіз», «підлітковий вік / психоаналітична педагогіка», «підлітковий вік / проблеми з освітою», «підлітковий вік / емоційні проблеми», «підлітковий вік / освіта», або «підлітковий вік / батьки», або « підлітковий вік/однолітки». Встановлено, що навчальна діяльність підлітків має свої труднощі та протиріччя, але є й переваги, на які педагог може і повинен спиратися

Fluorescence of crowned butadienyl dye and its metal complexes

The absorption and fluorescence spectra of complexes of butadienyl dye (1) with lithium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium cations in MeCN were investigated. The addition of Li, Na, Mg, and Ca perchlorates to the solution of dye 1 in acetonitrile results in a significant (up to 5900-cm-1) shortwavelength shift of the absorption spectrum and a small (about 200-cm-1) short-wavelength shift of the fluorescence spectrum. The recoordination reaction in metal complexes of 1 takes place by intramolecular mechanism. The fluorescence quantum yield of ILi+, INa+, and Ca2+ is approximately two times higher than that for 1. It was supposed that Li+ cation coordinates predominantly with oxygen atoms of macrocycle and, hence, influences weakly macrocycle nitrogen atoms conjugated with a molecule π-system. © 1999 Plenum Publishing Corporation.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe