Review Paper on Healthcare Monitoring System

The proposed model enables users to improve health related risks and reduce healthcare costs by collecting, recording, analyzing and sharing large data streams in real time and efficiently. The idea of this project came so to reduce the headache of patient to visit to doctor every time he need to check his blood pressure, heart beat rate, temperature etc. With the help of this proposal the time of both patients and doctors are saved and doctors can also help in emergency scenario as much as possible. The proposed outcome of the project is to give proper and efficient medical services to patients by connecting and collecting data information through health status monitors which would include patient?s heart rate, blood pressure and sends an emergency alert to patient?s doctor with his current status and full medical information. In simple terms, i.e. ?Smart? objects which use various sensors and actuators that are able to perceive their context, and via built in networking capabilities they could communicate to each other, access the open source Internet services and interact with the human world. This not only makes the world connected but also robust and comfortable. It consists of a system that communicates between network connected systems, apps and devices that can help patients and doctors to monitor, track and record patients? vital data and medical information. Some of the devices include smart meters, wearable health bands, fitness shoes, RFID based smart watches and smart video cameras. Also, apps for smart phones also help in keeping a medical record with real time alert and emergency services

Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial

Background: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists differ in chemical structure, duration of action, and in their effects on clinical outcomes. The cardiovascular effects of once-weekly albiglutide in type 2 diabetes are unknown. We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of albiglutide in preventing cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Methods: We did a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 610 sites across 28 countries. We randomly assigned patients aged 40 years and older with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (at a 1:1 ratio) to groups that either received a subcutaneous injection of albiglutide (30–50 mg, based on glycaemic response and tolerability) or of a matched volume of placebo once a week, in addition to their standard care. Investigators used an interactive voice or web response system to obtain treatment assignment, and patients and all study investigators were masked to their treatment allocation. We hypothesised that albiglutide would be non-inferior to placebo for the primary outcome of the first occurrence of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, which was assessed in the intention-to-treat population. If non-inferiority was confirmed by an upper limit of the 95% CI for a hazard ratio of less than 1·30, closed testing for superiority was prespecified. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02465515. Findings: Patients were screened between July 1, 2015, and Nov 24, 2016. 10 793 patients were screened and 9463 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to groups: 4731 patients were assigned to receive albiglutide and 4732 patients to receive placebo. On Nov 8, 2017, it was determined that 611 primary endpoints and a median follow-up of at least 1·5 years had accrued, and participants returned for a final visit and discontinuation from study treatment; the last patient visit was on March 12, 2018. These 9463 patients, the intention-to-treat population, were evaluated for a median duration of 1·6 years and were assessed for the primary outcome. The primary composite outcome occurred in 338 (7%) of 4731 patients at an incidence rate of 4·6 events per 100 person-years in the albiglutide group and in 428 (9%) of 4732 patients at an incidence rate of 5·9 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·78, 95% CI 0·68–0·90), which indicated that albiglutide was superior to placebo (p<0·0001 for non-inferiority; p=0·0006 for superiority). The incidence of acute pancreatitis (ten patients in the albiglutide group and seven patients in the placebo group), pancreatic cancer (six patients in the albiglutide group and five patients in the placebo group), medullary thyroid carcinoma (zero patients in both groups), and other serious adverse events did not differ between the two groups. There were three (<1%) deaths in the placebo group that were assessed by investigators, who were masked to study drug assignment, to be treatment-related and two (<1%) deaths in the albiglutide group. Interpretation: In patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, albiglutide was superior to placebo with respect to major adverse cardiovascular events. Evidence-based glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists should therefore be considered as part of a comprehensive strategy to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Funding: GlaxoSmithKline

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

Amelioration of Rhabdomyolysis-Induced Myoglobinuric Acute Renal Failure by Citrullus lanatus Seeds

Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) (Cucerbitaceae) is a trailing annual herb native to India, Nigeria, and Africa, commonly known as Matsum and Nakai. It thrives in all tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate areas with hot summers. In India, seeds have long been used to treat hypotensive and diuretic effects, as well as kidney stones and urinary passages. This study looked at the effects of a methanol extract of C. lanatus seeds (MCL) on rhabdomyolysis-induced myoglobinuric acute renal failure (ARF) in Wistar rats. Five groups (n = 5) of male Albino Wistar rats weighing 150–200 g were formed. A single intramuscular injection of glycerol (GL) (8 ml/kg) was used to induce ARF. Following GL injection, all animals were sacrificed and blood was collected. Renal function tests utilizing blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine were performed on freshly separated serum. The right kidney was stored in 10% buffered formalin for histological sectioning, and the amount of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) activity were all measured. The data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s test. *P > 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Animals pre-treated with MCL (100 and 300 mg kg-1, p.o.) for 7 days before GL dramatically altered and restored serum creatinine, BUN, creatinine clearance, urea clearance, and renal morphology in comparison to the GL-treated group. Oxidative stress markers such as lipid peroxidation, SOD, CAT, and GSH were also dramatically improved. The findings of this study suggest that C. lanatus seed has a possible anti-GL-induced ARF effect, verifying its ethnomedicinal use

SDR Based Energy Detection Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio for Real Time Video Transmission

Cognitive radio is a budding approach which helps to address the imminent spectrum crisis by dynamic spectrum allocation and support the increased data traffic with an intelligent mechanism of Software Defined Radio (SDR). SDR avoid the frequent modifications in the hardware structure with the use of software defined protocols. The main novelty of the paper is an effective implementation of CR using energy based spectrum sensing method which is done on GNU radio for real time transmission of video as a primary user. From evaluation results, one can see that the proposed system can indicate the frequency band occupancy by setting the detection output. Detection output changes to one with start of video transmission. Motivation behind this work is design of a spectrum sensing method which is best suited for detection of white spaces during the transmission of video as a primary user on SDR platform

Antihyperglycemic, antistress and nootropic activity of roots of <i style="">Rubia cordifolia</i><i style=""> </i>Linn

987-992Effect of alcoholic extract of roots of Rubia cordifolia was studied on elevated blood glucose level in alloxan treated animals. The extract reduced the blood sugar level raised by alloxan. Effect of alcoholic extract was also investigated on cold restraint induced stress and on scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Alcoholic extract enhanced brain γ-amino-n-butyric acid (GABA) levels and decreased brain dopamine and plasma corticosterone levels. Acidity and ulcers caused due to cold restraint stress were inhibited by alcoholic extract. Animals treated with alcoholic extract spent more time in open arm in elevated plus maze model. It also antagonized scopolamine induced learning and memory impairment. Baclofen induced catatonia was potentiated by alcoholic extract

Assessment of Nephroprotective Activity of PippalyadiAgad on Diclofenac Sodium Induced Nephrotoxicity in Albino Mice: An Experimental Study

Background: Nephrotoxicity due to Diclofenac Sodium can be correlated with this concept of Dushi Visha and nephroprotective drugs mentioned in Ayurveda texts may play an important role in this area. Pippalyadi Agad is the herbo-mineral medication stated by Yogaratnakara for treatment of Dushi Visha. Some of the drugs in this formulation have shown efficacy in correcting nephrotoxicity. Objective: To study the nephroprotective activity of Pippalyadi Agad on diclofenac sodium induced nephrotoxicity in albino mice. Methods: The experimental study was carried out in albino mice as per CPCSEA guidelines after getting approval from the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC). 30 albino mice, each weighing about 20-30 gm, were procured from Bharat serum and vaccines. The mice were housed in the institutional animal house in standard conditions. 30 albino mice were equally divided into five groups having six animals in each group as Trial Drug (low dose), Trial Drug (medium dose), Standard Control, Disease Control and Vehicle Control. For assessment of nephrotoxicity, the animals were monitored on Day 0, Day 15 and Day 45 by carrying out blood investigations such as BUN, Serum Creatinine, Body weight and CBC. The Data were subjected to appropriate statistical tests to derive results. Results: Pippalyadi Agad treatment at low and medium doses significantly lowered BUN and Serum Creatinine in comparison with Disease and Standard Control at Day 45. Pippalyadi Agad treatment at low and medium doses significantly (p &lt; 0.001 and p &lt; 0.001) increased body weights of the animals in comparison with Disease and Standard Control at Day 45. No significant difference in CBC parameters was observed in any of the Groups except the Disease Control Group on Day 15 and Day 45. Conclusion: Pippalyadi Agad has shown nephroprotective activity based on biochemical changes observed in Serum Creatinine, BUN and CBC.