Zabezpieczanie przed ogniem drewnianych obiektów zabytkowych

The protection of wooden heritage buildings against fire, biodeterioration, robbery and vandalism is one of the most important tasks in the field of cultural property preservation. In Poland and other European countries, the most popular wood-made objects are historical wooden churches (Catholic and Orthodox ones), rural huts, cottages, sheds, barns and wooden wind mills which are like open air museums. Wood is the most common raw material that was used for the construction of these objects since ancient times. Generally these wooden objects are wholly combustible, they are mostly located beyond towns and difficult to guard and exposed to risk of setting on fire. Not everywhere there is a sufficient supply of water from water tanks and fire hydrant network. Moreover, there is a lack of good access ways for fire brigade vehicles and no fire detecting systems were installed in many of these objects. Unfortunately, fire retardant application is insufficient or totally absent in these heritage buildings. This manuscript presents general possibilities of the application of modern technology of fire retardancy systems intended for the protection the heritage objects against fire disaster. None or only minimal influence on an ancient object wood is the advantage of the above systems. The fire safety strategy for wooden buildings and historical sites requires an agreement and compromise between the point of view of art. Historians and conservators and that of fire-fighting experts.Drewno było najczęściej używanym surowcem do konstrukcji obiektów od najdawniejszych czasów, które w czasie jego użytkowania narażone jest na biodeterioracje i całkowite spalenie w wyniku pożaru. Drewniane obiekty zabytkowe są całkowicie palne, a na dodatek często zlokalizowane poza miejskimi ośrodkami z utrudnieniami do ich dostępu przez straż pożarną. Stąd zabezpieczenie przed pożarami takich obiektów jest bardzo ważne, tym bardziej, że pomimo rozwoju techniki i technologii, pożary tych obiektów zdarzają się coraz częściej. A zatem czy aktualnie istnieje możliwość takiego przeciwogniowego zabezpieczenia drewnianych obiektów, aby „w dyskretny” sposób zabezpieczyć je przed rozprzestrzenianiem się ognia z wykorzystaniem nowoczesnych środków ogniochronnych? Obniżenie palności i szybkiego rozprzestrzeniania się płomieni w tych obiektach stwarza nadzieję na zapobiegnięcie kompletnego ich spalenia. Przy doborze środków ogniochronnych i systemów zabezpieczenia należy brać pod uwagę również to, by te środki i systemy nie wywierały niekorzystnego wpływu na wygląd, higroskopijność i trwałość zabezpieczonego drewna zabytkowego. Za wielce efektywne uznaje się miedzy innymi transparentne powłoki pęczniejące w warunkach pożarowych, które to odcinają dostęp tlenu z powietrza poprzez wytworzenie izolacyjnej, niepalnej piany zapobiegającej penetracji ognia wewnątrz elementów drewnianych. Zastosowanie pasywnych systemów ochrony ogniowej, które mogą być połączone z zastosowaniem biocydów w zabytkowych budynkach drewnianych takich jak kościoły, skanseny, obniżając ilość nieszczęśliwych pożarów tych obiektów

Dear Readers!

It gives us great pleasure to present another issue of “Ochrona Zabytków”, a quarterly which, we trust, has already become a permanent part of your library collections. It is our ambition that it should meet your expectations by enabling an expansion of interests, assisting in research and, primarily, acting as a forum for an exchange of information and practical experiences. With this objective in mind, we try to constantly pursue problems related to a widely comprehended protection and conservation of historical objects, the cultural landscape, and historical heritage as a whole. We would like to draw your attention to the particularly noteworthy article about conservation at the Museum-Castle in Łańcut as well as texts about the Beautiful Well in Nysa, the town hall in Jawor, or the exciting history of the non-extant Pompeian Cabinet at the former Municipal Museum in Szczecin. The section devoted to landscapes includes material about the restored parks and gardens of Warmia and Mazuria. Authors writing about non-material heritage describe its assorted and prominent, albeit frequently ignored aspects. An extremely interesting and commendable article on the tasks of archaeology involved in the revalorisation of gardens stresses that the significance of excavations conducted in parks and gardens simply cannot be overestimated. The part played by garden archaeologists in becoming familiar with the historical shape of old gardens remains outstanding. Hoping that you will enjoy this selection of texts, we sincerely recommend the successive issue of “Ochrona Zabytków”, soon to be published, and renew our invitation to consider further co-operation. Respectfully yours, Jacek Rulewicz Director of the National Centre for Historical Monument Studies and Documentatio

Dear Readers!

This issue of “Ochrona Zabytków” presents little-known historical monuments which due to their artistic merits and the conservation efforts devoted to restoring their former splendour, deserve our utmost attention. The objects in question include the sanatorium in Trzebiechów, today a veritable pearl of the Art Nouveau style in the region of Lubusz. The interior design and outfitting of this monument are to a considerable degree the work of Henry van de Velde, an outstanding Belgian artist from the early twentieth century. The discoveries made in the course of research and conservation show unambiguously that the preserved colours of the interiors grant the Trzebiechów sanatorium a high rank among the cultural accomplishments of Poland and the Continent. The at first glance modest wooden parish church in Boguszyce (Mazovia) conceals Renaissance painted decorations recognised as unique both in Poland and abroad. At the end of the twentieth century, this valuable monument was in an outright catastrophic state. The first conservation of the polychrome was carried out during the 1950s, and the second half of the 1990s witnessed the inauguration of a complex conservation of the object and the paintings, to be completed this year. Numerous sacral objects in Poland await conservation and protection against such hazards as fire and burglary. This serious problem, the object of concern for the environment associated with the protection of historical monuments, is reflected in the current issue of our periodical. The conservation of Aborigine paintings on bark might seem to be an exotic topic. Meanwhile, these special and fragile works of art are featured in numerous European museums, including Polish galleries. Information about the way in which conservators from the National Gallery in Canberra deal with assorted problems might prove to be a source of valuable directives. You will also find articles about results of the research on the origin of the marble from the sarcophagus of King Władysław Jagiełło in the cathedral on Wawel Hill, new facts from the history of the Department of Architecture at Warsaw Polytechnic, and helpful hints on how to seek information about the patrons of Warsaw streets. We hope that you will not only enjoy the newest texts but also share your professional successes and problems with other readers of “Ochrona Zabytków”. Respectfully yours, Jacek Rulewicz Director of the National Centre for Historical Monument Studies and Documentatio

Some modern theories of poetic drama

516517515Studia Anglica Posnaniensi

Dear Readers!

It is our great pleasure to invite you to become acquainted with the contents of the most recent issue of “Ochrona Zabytków”. We trust that the presented topics will not only meet with your interest but also provide essential information, enhance existing knowledge, assist in further work, inspire new research or encourage you to share your professional experiences. As in the previous issues of our quarterly we aim at rendering the range of the discussed questions as varied as possible, so as to enable you to find themes corresponding to your interests. It is the joint ambition of the publishers and our authors to propose an array of topics capable of attracting the attention of readers representing various scientific disciplines and involved in serving a common objective – the protection of historical monuments. Prominent place is assigned to the variegated problems of conservation, i. a. of architecture, paintings or necropolises. The first topic is examined in greater detail in texts about the classical monuments of Rome and the methods of protecting and displaying historical ruins. We would also like to recommend the study on paintings by Xawery Dunikowski, renowned predominantly for his sculptures, and an article on the conservation of the Central Cemetery in Szczecin. The part dealing with the non-material heritage delves into the culturalcivilisational aspects of the development of the identity of Gdaƒsk, the section on archaeology contains material about excavations conducted in Nidzica, and texts on technology include an article on videoendoscopy, a novel method facilitating the protection of historical timber. It is our sincere hope that you will find our offer enjoyable. Respectfully yours, Jacek Rulewicz Director of the National Centre for Historical Monument Studies and Documentatio

Dear Readers,

The interest encountered by “Ochrona Zabytków” testifies to the necessity of our publication and confirms its assigned role. Together with the authors we make all possible efforts to meet the requirements of our readers and maintain a high level of the publication (contents and editing). It is our intention to present varied problems which may interest readers representing assorted specialisations and non-professionals. The articles proposed in this issue deal with a wide gamut of topics. We discuss, i. a. the protection of historical towns at a time of the ongoing systemic transformation and the protection of Iraqi cultural heritage by the Polish stabilisation mission. The latter question appears to be particularly topical in the context of the universally available recent publications on the subject. Other texts concern the history of Warsaw monuments, Christian cemeteries in the Bieszczady Mts., and the adaptation of former defensive systems and objects for the purposes of contemporary tourism. Furthermore, we have introduced a new section on “Non-material heritage”, in which we plan to discuss the protection of old names, customs and tradition – the other monuments of our culture and tradition. Their non-material nature renders them even more susceptible to damage and oblivion, becoming the prime reason for their protection and preservation for future generations. The protection of non-material heritage is discussed in articles about urban names, the history of Łódź, and folk traditions in the life of of the residents of Poznań. We sincerely hope that the new section will meet with the approval of our readers and potential authors. Finally, we renew our constant appeal for texts from all those whose work serves the preservation of our cultural legacy: may “Ochrona Zabytków” act as a periodical of all those concerned with Polish culture, art and cultural heritage. Respectfully yours, Jacek Rulewicz Director of the National Centre for Historical Monument Studies and Documentatio

Dear Readers,

It gives us great pleasure to present yet another issue of “Ochrona Zabytków”. We have learned that the previous volume of our periodical, prepared by a new editorial board, has met with your interest and approval. We would like to draw your attention to a series of articles about the art of illuminating historical objects. The monuments, withdrawn from night-time shadows, reveal a totally new appearance, although in order to avoid banality the lighting should meet certain requirements, a feat which is an art in itself. In accordance with the years-long tradition of “Ochrona Zabytków” we are open to co-operation with experienced representatives of assorted sciences serving the preservation of the cultural heritage, workers of the conservation services, as well as the guardians and users of historical objects. We also invite young apprentices of the art of conservation, particularly familiar with modern technologies that facilitate the restoration of former splendour to historical monuments. On our part, we shall continue to make all possible efforts for the successive issues to possess crucial, variegated contents, serve an exchange of experiences within the protection of cultural heritage, and to present an increasingly attractive graphic layout. It is our ambition for “Ochrona Zabytków” to become a permanent fixture in your libraries; this would be not only a source of indubitable satisfaction for us but also an incentive for a constant improvement of the periodical’s standard. The presented volume is yet another joint issue since we are doing everything possible to compensate for delays. It is also our intention for the periodical to become more easily accessible, i. a. thanks to co-operation with the EMPIK network. We welcome your cooperation and hope that you find our material interesting reading. Respectfully yours, Jacek Rulewicz Director of the National Centre for Historical Monument Studies and Documentatio

Dear Readers!

We heartily recommend the latest issue of “Ochrona Zabytków”. If it has reached our regular readers then we wish to express our utmost satisfaction that we have been able to gain steadfast recipients interested in the problems discussed by us. If, however, this is your first contact with our quarterly then we sincerely hope that our publication will meet with your interest , enhance your knowledge, or inspire you to present your own professional experiences on its pages. The current issue is to a great extent devoted to questions associated with town planning and architecture. The article about the town-planning development of Białogard connects this topic with principles for the protection of cultural heritage. Material about the former Teutonic Order castle in Rogóźno-Zamek considers ways of suitably protecting ruins while referring to an article about assorted methods of conserving historical ruins, published in the previous issue of our quarterly. We also propose texts dealing with small urban architecture – more precisely, with the historical street surfaces in Szczecin and their protection. This prominent question constitutes an extremely important supplement of conservation undertakings aimed at salvaging, protecting, and displaying municipal historical space as a whole and not merely its particular fragments and individual objects. We propose also other articles, such as the one about the church of St. Catherine of Alexandria in Golub; here, an examination of the painted elevations closely connects architecture with painting. The text about the revalorisation of the Branicki Garden in Białystok and the article about the provenance of the Strzelno sculptures and columns (in the collection of the National Museum in Poznań) are especially relevant. Our review section contains two particularly noteworthy publications. Hoping that you appreciate this offer we invite you to enjoy the contents of successive issues of “Ochrona Zabytków”. Respectfully yours, Jacek Rulewicz Director of the National Centre for Historical Monument Studies and Documentatio