Ideas alternativas sobre cambio climático, adelgazamiento de la capa de ozono y lluvia ácida de un grupo de alumnos de centros de enseñanza permanente de adultos

Es mucha la información que recibimos en torno al cambio climático, el adelgazamiento de la capa de ozono y la lluvia ácida, y en relación a ello se generan muchas opiniones e ideas no exentas de polémica y de falta de rigor científico que hacen confundir causas y consecuencias de unos y otros. Se plantea la necesidad de posicionarnos como ciudadanos responsables ante las consecuencias de tan graves problemas, por lo que consideramos clave conocer más sobre las ideas del alumnado y su posible origen. Se ha elaborado y analizado un cuestionario para detectar posibles ideas alternativas relacionadas con los principales problemas de contaminación atmosférica. La muestra está formada por un grupo de alumnos de Educación Permanente de Adultos (EPA)

Medicamentos disponibles en pediatría para el tratamiento de la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico

On analyse the Spanish pharmaceutical market offer to cover the,. gastroesofagic reflux disease (GERD) therapy in paediatric population. A review of the pharmaceutical specialities corresponding to the groups A03AF, A02BA, and A02BC from the Specialities Catalogue of the Pharmaceutical College General Council attending to: Paediatric dosage and Pharmaceutical form this drugs are presento In the 44 % drugs in volved in GERD therapy specific paediatric studies aren't fit for use. The 33% of AH2 and 40% of IBP are usable in children. Any IBP has a correctly design presentation for paediatric population. On conclude that actual market hasn't correctly design medicines of the more effective therapies in the GERD treatment.Se analiza la oferta del mercado farmacéutico español a la hora de cubrir el tratamiento de la Enfermedad por Reflujo Gastroesofágico (ERGE) en la población pediátrica. Para ello se realiza una revisión de las especialidades correspondientes a los grupos A03AF, A02BA y A02BC, a partir del catálogo de especialidades farmacéuticas del Consejo General de Colegios Farmacéuticos, en la que se atendió a: - Dosis indicada en el niño, en caso de ser un fármaco de uso pediátrico. - Formas farmacéuticas en que se presentan estos fármacos. A partir de esta revisión se establecen dos grupos: El 44% de los fármacos implicados en el tratamiento de la ERGE no se dispone de estudios en la población pediátrica. El 33% de los AH2 y el 40% de los IBP son utilizables en niños. Ningún IBP posee presentación correctamente diseñada para la población pediátrica. Se llega a la conclusión, de que el mercado actual no dispone de medicamentos correctamente diseñados para pediatría en las terapias más efectivas en el tratamiento de la ERGE

The Landscape of Galaxies Harboring Changing-Look Active Galactic Nuclei in the Local Universe

We study the properties of the host galaxies of Changing-Look Active Galactic Nuclei (CL AGNs) with the aim of understanding the conditions responsible for triggering CL activity. We find that CL AGN hosts primarily reside in the so-called green valley that is located between spiral-like star-forming galaxies and dead ellipticals, implying that CL AGNs are activated during distinct periods of quenching and galaxy transformation processes. CL AGN hosts have low galaxy asymmetry indicators, suggesting that secular evolutionary processes (the influence of bars and spirals, and possibly minor mergers) might be the primary mechanism for transporting gas to the vicinity of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) rather than major mergers. Similar to tidal disruption events (TDEs) and highly variable AGNs, we find that CL AGN hosts are associated with SMBHs residing in high density pseudo-bulges and appear to overlap most significantly with the population of low-ionization nuclear emission-line region (LINER) galaxies. As such, CL AGN are likely fueled by strong episodic bursts of accretion activity, which appear to take place preferentially as the amount of material accessible for star formation and accretion dwindles. We also identify that CL AGN hosts are characterized by either large S\'ersic indices or high bulge fractions, which suggests a simple metric for identifying candidates for spectroscopic follow-up observations in forthcoming synoptic surveys.Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures. Accepted to ApJ Letters. Revised version includes an expanded discussion on asymmetry measurements and galaxy disturbance

Clebsch-Gordan and 6j-coefficients for rank two quantum groups

We calculate (q-deformed) Clebsch-Gordan and 6j-coefficients for rank two quantum groups. We explain in detail how such calculations are done, which should allow the reader to perform similar calculations in other cases. Moreover, we tabulate the q-Clebsch-Gordan and 6j-coefficients explicitly, as well as some other topological data associated with theories corresponding to rank-two quantum groups. Finally, we collect some useful properties of the fusion rules of particular conformal field theories.Comment: 43 pages. v2: minor changes and added references. For mathematica notebooks containing the various q-CG and 6j symbols, see http://arxiv.org/src/1004.5456/an

Association between high and very high albuminuria and nighttime blood pressure: Influence of diabetes and chronic kidney disease

This is an author-created, uncopyedited electronic version of an article accepted for publication in Diabetes Care. The American Diabetes Association (ADA), publisher of Diabetes Care, is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it by third parties. The definitive publisher-authenticated version will be available in a future issue of Diabetes Care 39.10 (2016): 1729-1737 in print and online at http://care.diabetesjournals.orgNighttime blood pressure (BP) and albuminuria are two important and independent predictors of cardiovascularmorbidity andmortality. Here, we examined the quantitative differences in nighttime systolic BP (SBP) across albuminuria levels in patients with and without diabetes and chronic kidney disease. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 16,546 patients from the Spanish Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Registry cohort (mean age 59.6 years, 54.9% men) were analyzed. Patients were classified according to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), as ≥60 or <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (low eGFR), and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, as normoalbuminuria (<30 mg/g), high albuminuria (30-300 mg/g), or very high albuminuria (>300 mg/g). Office and 24-h BP were determined with standardized methods and conditions. RESULTS High albuminuria was associated with a statistically significant and clinically substantial higher nighttime SBP (6.8 mmHg higher than with normoalbuminuria, P < 0.001). This association was particularly striking at very high albuminuria among patients with diabetes and low eGFR (16.5 mmHg, P < 0.001). Generalized linear models showed that after full adjustment for demographic, lifestyles, and clinical characteristics, nighttime SBP was 4.8 mmHg higher in patients with high albuminuria than in those with normoalbuminuria (P < 0.001), and patients with very high albuminuria had a 6.1 mmHg greater nighttime SBP than those with high albuminuria (P < 0.001). These differences were 3.8 and 3.1 mmHg, respectively, among patients without diabetes, and 6.5 and 8 mmHg among patients with diabetes (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Albuminuria in hypertensive patients is accompanied by quantitatively striking higher nighttime SBP, particularly in those with diabetes with very high albuminuria and low eGFRSpecific funding for this study analysis was obtained from FIS grants PI10/01011 PI11/02432, PI13/02321, PIE13/00045, PI14/01841, CP15/0129, and also from Fundación SENEFRO, Fondos FEDER, and by Cátedra UAM de Epidemiología y Control del Riesgo Cardiovascula

A novel strategy based on genomics and specific PCR reveals how a multidrug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain became prevalent in Equatorial Guinea 15 years after its emergence.

OBJECTIVE: Molecular epidemiology techniques in tuberculosis (TB) can identify high-risk strains that are actively transmitted. We aimed to implement a novel strategy to optimize the identification and control of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB in a specific population. METHODS: We developed a strain-specific PCR tailored from whole genome sequencing (WGS) data to track a specific MDR prevalent strain in Equatorial Guinea (EG-MDR). RESULTS: The PCR was applied prospectively on remnants of GeneXpert reaction mixtures owing to the lack of culture facilities in Equatorial Guinea. In 147 (93%) of 158 cases, we were able to differentiate between infection by the EG-MDR strain or by any other strain and found that 44% of all rifampicin-resistant TB cases were infected by EG-MDR. We also analysed 93 isolates obtained from Equatorial Guinea 15 years ago, before MDR-TB had become the problem it is today. We found that two of the scarce historical MDR cases were infected by EG-MDR. WGS revealed low variability-six single nucleotide polymorphisms acquired by this strain over 15 years-likely because of the lack in the country of a specific program to treat MDR-TB. CONCLUSIONS: Our novel strategy, which integrated WGS analysis and strain-specific PCRs, represents a low-cost, rapid and transferable strategy that allowed a prospective efficient survey and fast historical analysis of MDR-TB in a population

PyroTyping, a novel pyrosequencing-based assay for Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotyping

We developed a novel method, PyroTyping, for discrimination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates combining pyrosequencing and IS6110 polymorphism. A total of 100 isolates were analysed with IS6110-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), spoligotyping, mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units - variable number tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTR), and PyroTyping. PyroTyping results regarding clustering or discrimination of the isolates were highly concordant with the other typing methods performed. PyroTyping is more rapid than RFLP and presents the same discriminatory power, thus, it may be useful for taking timely decisions for tuberculosis control

Point-of-care lung ultrasound assessment for risk stratification and therapy guiding in COVID-19 patients. A prospective non-interventional study.

Background Lung ultrasound is feasible for assessing lung injury caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the prognostic meaning and time-line changes of lung injury assessed by lung ultrasound in COVID-19 hospitalised patients are unknown. Methods Prospective cohort study designed to analyse prognostic value of lung ultrasound in COVID-19 patients by using a quantitative scale (lung ultrasound Zaragoza (LUZ)-score) during the first 72 h after admission. The primary end-point was in-hospital death and/or admission to the intensive care unit. Total length of hospital stay, increase of oxygen flow and escalation of medical treatment during the first 72 h were secondary end-points. Results 130 patients were included in the final analysis; mean±sd age was 56.7±13.5 years. Median (interquartile range) time from the beginning of symptoms to admission was 6 (4–9) days. Lung injury assessed by LUZ-score did not differ during the first 72 h (21 (16–26) points at admission versus 20 (16–27) points at 72 h; p=0.183). In univariable logistic regression analysis, estimated arterial oxygen tension/inspiratory oxygen fraction ratio (PAFI) (hazard ratio 0.99, 95% CI 0.98–0.99; p=0.027) and LUZ-score >22 points (5.45, 1.42–20.90; p=0.013) were predictors for the primary end-point. Conclusions LUZ-score is an easy, simple and fast point-of-care ultrasound tool to identify patients with severe lung injury due to COVID-19, upon admission. Baseline score is predictive of severity along the whole period of hospitalisation. The score facilitates early implementation or intensification of treatment for COVID-19 infection. LUZ-score may be combined with clinical variables (as estimated by PAFI) to further refine risk stratification