Research, science and technology parks: A global comparison of best practices

The purpose of this study was to determine if significant differences exist in the evaluation of effectiveness and efficiency between North American, European, and Asian research parks (RPs). Park directors and staff responded to 25 questions from the Survey for Research, Science and Technology Parks. Effectiveness was measured by director\u27s perception of the RP\u27s contribution to economic growth and job creation. Efficiency was evaluated by the interactions between local universities and research parks, assessment of the ecosystem\u27s basic characteristics, and the culture of innovation in the ecosystem. A stratified sampling procedure from a population of 793 parks was used; analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were used to test for significance. 130 RPs from three continents participated in this study. No significant differences were found in the evaluation of RPs\u27 directors on effectiveness and efficiency of RPs