Technology Integration around the Geographic Information: A State of the Art

One of the elements that have popularized and facilitated the use of geographical information on a variety of computational applications has been the use of Web maps; this has opened new research challenges on different subjects, from locating places and people, the study of social behavior or the analyzing of the hidden structures of the terms used in a natural language query used for locating a place. However, the use of geographic information under technological features is not new, instead it has been part of a development and technological integration process. This paper presents a state of the art review about the application of geographic information under different approaches: its use on location based services, the collaborative user participation on it, its contextual-awareness, its use in the Semantic Web and the challenges of its use in natural languge queries. Finally, a prototype that integrates most of these areas is presented

Origin and diversification of flax and their relationship with heterostyly across the range

Aim: Understanding plant diversity and how different traits have shaped the current biodiversity setting across the world is one of the major challenges for evolutionary biology. In this sense, genus Linum have been broadly studied as a model of species showing heterostyly, but no studies have attempted to investigate possible correlations between heterostyly and diversification. Thus, in this study we aim to explore the origin and diversification of the genus Linum and to determine its centre of diversity and potential source for the colonisation of other areas. Also, we aim to study how heterostyly may have shaped diversification rates and colonisation patterns in the genus. Location: Worldwide (focused on the Western Palearctic). Taxon: Genus Linum L. (Linaceae). Methods: We analysed nuclear ITS and plastid ndhF, matK and trnL-F DNA regions in a total of 103 samples of 93 different species of the genus Linum, as well as seven samples from other Linaceae. We performed divergence time analysis in BEAST2 under a birth-death tree model, then used the resulting tree for an ancestral area reconstruction using the R package “BioGeoBEARS.” Finally, we estimated diversification rates using BAMM and examined the correlation between diversification rates and geographic ranges and heterostyly. Results: Linum s.l. diverged during the late Eocene to mid Oligocene (27.2–38.29 Ma at 95% highest posterior density interval) in the Western Palearctic, where most species diversified. Within-area speciation is the main mechanism of diversification in the genus. Most dispersal events occurred from the Western Palearctic to other regions, probably through long-distance dispersal (LDD). No changes were found regarding diversification rates in specific clades or in relation with reproductive system (heterostyly) or geographic areas. Colonisation of new areas was achieved mostly by monomorphic lineages, whereas heterostylous species mostly remained in the ancestral Western Paleartic area. Main conclusions: The Western Palearctic acted as a source of dispersal in seven out of nine total dispersal events but never as a sink. All species or lineages that colonised new areas after LDD were monomorphic for style length, as predicted by the theory on reproductive traits of colonising species. Thus, heterostyly is shown to affect establishment success in a new area. Neither biogeographic changes nor analysed trait changes can explain speciation nor extinction rates in Linum. Our results confirm that the evolution of heterostyly is related to the paleogeographic history and are not consistent with the idea that a key innovation or “dispersification” has shaped the diversification patterns in Linum.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación CGL2013-45037- P, PGC2018-099608- B- 10

Style polymorphism in Linum (Linaceae): a case of Mediterranean parallel evolution?

•Heterostyly is a sex polymorphism that has challenged evolutionary biologists eversince Darwin. One of the lineages where heterostyly and related stylar conditionsappear more frequently isLinum(Linaceae). This group is particularly suitable fortesting competing hypotheses about ancestral and transitional stages on the evolution-ary building up of heterostyly.•We generated a phylogeny ofLinumbased on extensive sampling and plastid andnuclear DNA sequences, and used it to trace the evolution of character states of stylepolymorphism. We also revised available data on pollination, breeding systems, andpolyploidy to analyse their associations.•Our results supported former phylogenetic hypotheses: the paraphyly ofLinumandthe non-monophyly of current taxonomic sections. Heterostyly was common in thegenus, but appeared concentrated in the Mediterranean Basin and the South AfricanCape. Ancestral character state reconstruction failed to determine a unique state as themost probable condition for style polymorphism in the genus. In contrast, approachherkogamy was resolved as ancestral state in some clades, giving support to recenthypotheses. Some traits putatively related to heterostyly, such as life history and poly-ploidy, did show marginal or non-significant phylogenetic correlation, respectively.Although pollinator data are limited, we suggest that beeflies are associated with speci-fic cases of heterostyly.•The consistent association between style polymorphism and heteromorphic incompat-ibility points to ecological factors as drivers of the multiple evolution of style polymor-phism inLinum. Albeit based on limited evidence, we hypothesised that specialisedpollinators and lack of mating opportunities drive evolution of style polymorphismand loss of the polymorphism, respectively.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad de España (MINECO)-CGL2013-45037-P, CGL2010-11379-E, CGL2009-12565 y CGL2006-13847-CO2-0

Anticoagulant therapy clinic: moving towards Advanced Nursing Practice

English Abstract; Journal Article;There is currently around one million people receiving oral anticoagulants in Spain. The drug most used is acenocoumarol, which requires coagulation monitoring to ensure that the patient is within its normal therapeutic range. Patients usually start this treatment in a hospital clinic and, when they are stabilised, they are referred to primary care, where they are followed-up by their community nurses. The usual practice is that nurses are responsible for changes in the dose when the patients are outside the range. This practice is not performed by hospital nurses, despite having sufficient experience and knowledge to adequately manage these types of patients. An Advanced Nursing Practice model has been introduced into the Haematology management unit of the Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga. This involves various aspects of attention and care of patients on anticoagulant therapy, and includes adjusting the doses of their treatment following a catalogue of therapeutic and diagnostic ranges.YesEn la actualidad, en nuestro país, alrededor de un millón de personas reciben anticoagulación oral. El fármaco más empleado es el acenocumarol, que requiere de controles de coagulación para constatar que el paciente se encuentra dentro de su rango terapéutico. Los pacientes suelen empezar este tratamiento en una consulta hospitalaria y, cuando se encuentran estabilizados, son derivados a Atención Primaria (AP), donde son seguidos por sus enfermeras comunitarias. La práctica habitual es que estas enfermeras asuman los cambios de dosis cuando los pacientes están fuera de rango; no obstante este aspecto no es realizado por las enfermeras hospitalarias a pesar de disponer suficiente experiencia y conocimientos para un adecuado manejo de este tipo de pacientes. En la UGC de hematología del Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria de Málaga se ha implantado un modelo de Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada que incluye diversos aspectos de la atención y cuidados a los pacientes en terapia antitrombótica, entre los que se encuentran la dosificación de su tratamiento siguiendo un catálogo de rangos terapéuticos y diagnósticos

Modeling and performance analysis for mobile cognitive radio cellular networks

Abstract In this paper, teletraffic performance and channel holding time characterization in mobile cognitive radio cellular networks (CRCNs) under fixed-rate traffic with hard-delay constraints are investigated. To this end, a mathematical model to capture the effect of interruption of ongoing calls of secondary users (SUs) due to the arrival of primary users (PUs) is proposed. The proposed model relies on the use of an independent potential interruption time associated with the instant of possible interruption for each ongoing call in every visited cell. Then, a Poisson process is used to approximate the secondary users’ call interruption process due to the arrival of PUs. Based on this model and considering that unencumbered service time (UST) and cell dwell time (CDT) of SUs are independent generally distributed random variables, analytical formulae for both the probability distributions of channel holding times and inter-cell handoff attempts rate are derived. Also, a novel approximated closed-form mathematical expression for call forced termination probability of SUs is derived under the restriction that the UST is exponentially distributed. Additionally, by considering all the involved time variables exponentially distributed and employing fractional channel reservation to prioritize intra- and inter-cell handoff call attempts over new call requests, a queuing analysis to evaluate the call-level performance of CRCNs in terms of the maximum Erlang capacity is developed. The accuracy of our proposed mathematical models is extensively investigated under a variety of different evaluation scenarios for all the considered call-level performance metrics. Numerical results demonstrate that channel holding time statistics are highly sensitive to both interruption probability of ongoing secondary calls and type of probability distribution functions used to model CDT and UST. From the teletraffic perspective, numerical results reveal that the system Erlang capacity largely depends on the relative value of the mean secondary service time to the mean primary service time and the primary channels’ utilization factor. Also, the obtained results show that there exists a critical utilization factor of the primary resources from which it is no longer possible to guarantee the required quality of service of SUs and, therefore, services with hard-delay constraints cannot be even supported in CRCNs

Down syndrome as risk factor for respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization : A prospective multicenter epidemiological study

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in childhood, particularly in premature infants, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. To compare the hospitalization rates due to RSV infection and severity of disease between infants with and without Down syndrome (DS) born at term and without other associated risk factors for severe RSV infection. In a prospective multicentre epidemiological study, 93 infants were included in the DS cohort and 68 matched by sex and data of birth (±1 week) and were followed up to 1 year of age and during a complete RSV season. The hospitalization rate for all acute respiratory infection was significantly higher in the DS cohort than in the non-DS cohort (44.1% vs 7.7%, P<.0001). Hospitalizations due to RSV were significantly more frequent in the DH cohort than in the non-DS cohort (9.7% vs 1.5%, P=.03). RSV prophylaxis was recorded in 33 (35.5%) infants with DS. The rate of hospitalization according to presence or absence of RSV immunoprophylaxis was 3.0% vs 15%, respectively. Infants with DS showed a higher rate of hospitalization due to acute lower respiratory tract infection and RSV infection compared to non-DS infants. Including DS infants in recommendations for immunoprophylaxis of RSV disease should be considered