A Study on Central Lymph Node Metastasis in 543 cN0 Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Patients

Background. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with central lymph node metastases (CLNMs) is common. The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors of lymph node metastasis patients with PTC. Patients and Methods. Between January 2013 and February 2015, a retrospective study of 543 patients with PTC undergoing hemithyroidectomy or total thyroidectomy with routine central lymph node dissection (CLND) was analyzed. Clinicopathologic risk factors for CLNM were studied using univariate and multivariate analysis by SPSS 22.0 software. Results. The incidence of CLNMs in PTC patients was 38.1% (207/543). In the multivariate analysis, male gender ( < 0.001, OR: 1.984), age <45 years ( < 0.001, OR: 1.934), bilaterality ( = 0.006, OR: 1.585), tumor size ≥0.25 cm ( = 0.001, OR: 7.655), and external extension ( = 0.001, OR: 7.579) were independent risk factors of CLNMs. Furthermore, in PTC patients with tumor size <0.25 cm, all 7 males and 21 patients with unilaterality were not found to have CLNMs. Conclusions. CLNMs are prevalent in the PTC patients with the following risk factors: male gender, age <45 years, bilaterality, tumor size ≥0.25 cm, and external extension. PTC patients with tumor size <0.25 cm, male patients, and patients with unilateral lesion could be considered safe from CLNMs

A Study on Central Lymph Node Metastasis in 543 cN0 Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Patients

Background. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with central lymph node metastases (CLNMs) is common. The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors of lymph node metastasis patients with PTC. Patients and Methods. Between January 2013 and February 2015, a retrospective study of 543 patients with PTC undergoing hemithyroidectomy or total thyroidectomy with routine central lymph node dissection (CLND) was analyzed. Clinicopathologic risk factors for CLNM were studied using univariate and multivariate analysis by SPSS 22.0 software. Results. The incidence of CLNMs in PTC patients was 38.1% (207/543). In the multivariate analysis, male gender (p<0.001, OR: 1.984), age <45 years (p<0.001, OR: 1.934), bilaterality (p=0.006, OR: 1.585), tumor size ≥0.25 cm (p=0.001, OR: 7.655), and external extension (p=0.001, OR: 7.579) were independent risk factors of CLNMs. Furthermore, in PTC patients with tumor size <0.25 cm, all 7 males and 21 patients with unilaterality were not found to have CLNMs. Conclusions. CLNMs are prevalent in the PTC patients with the following risk factors: male gender, age <45 years, bilaterality, tumor size ≥0.25 cm, and external extension. PTC patients with tumor size <0.25 cm, male patients, and patients with unilateral lesion could be considered safe from CLNMs

Impact of cod skin peptide-ι-carrageenan conjugates prepared via the Maillard reaction on the physical and oxidative stability of Antarctic krill oil emulsions

This research aimed to construct an emulsifier by the Maillard reaction at various times using cod fish skin collagen peptide (CSCP) and ι-carrageenan (ι-car) to stabilize an Antarctic krill oil (AKO) emulsion. This emulsion was then investigated for physicochemical stability, oxidative stability, and gastrointestinal digestibility. The emulsion stability index and emulsifying activity index of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) were increased by 36.32 % and 66.30 %, respectively, at the appropriate graft degree (25.58 %) compared with the mixture of ι-car and CSCP. In vitro digestibility suggested the higher release of free fatty acids (FFAs) of 10d-MRPs-AKO-emulsion, and the highest bioavailability of AST in 10d-MRPs-AKO was found to be 28.48 %. The findings of this study showed the potential of MRPs to improve peptide function, serve as delivery vehicles for bioactive chemicals, and possibly serve as a valuable emulsifier to be used in the food industry

Functional Properties of Protein Hydrolysates on Growth, Digestive Enzyme Activities, Protein Metabolism, and Intestinal Health of Larval Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary inclusion of protein hydrolysates on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, protein metabolism, and intestinal health in larval largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The experimental feeding trial presented in this study was based on five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets formulated with graded inclusion levels of protein hydrolysates, and it showed that protein hydrolysates improved growth performance, reduced larval deformity rate, and increased the activity of digestive enzymes, including pepsin and trypsin. Gene expression results revealed that the supplementation of protein hydrolysates upregulated the expression of intestinal amino acid transporters LAT2 and peptide transporter 2 (PepT2), as well as the amino acid transporters LAT1 in muscle. Dietary provision of protein hydrolysates activated the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway including the up-regulation of TOR and AKT1, and down-regulation of 4EBP1. Additionally, the expression of genes involved in the amino acids response (AAR) pathway, ATF4 and REDD1, were inhibited. Protein hydrolysates inhibited the transcription of some pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-8 and 5-LOX, but promoted the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines TGF-β and IL-10. The 16S rRNA analysis, using V3-V4 region, indicated that dietary protein hydrolysates supplementation reduced the diversity of the intestine microbial community, increased the enrichment of Plesiomonas and reduced the enrichment of Staphylococcus at the genus level. In summary, protein hydrolysates have been shown to be an active and useful supplement to positively complement other protein sources in the diets for largemouth bass larvae, and this study provided novel insights on the beneficial roles and possible mechanisms of action of dietary protein hydrolysates in improving the overall performance of fish larvae

Scheduling Parallel Intrusion Detecting Applications on Hybrid Clouds

Recently, Parallel Intrusion Detection (PID) becomes very popular and its procedure of the parallel processing is called a PID application (PIDA). This PIDA can be regarded as a Bag-of-Tasks (BoT) application, consisting of multiple tasks that can be processed in parallel. Given multiple PIDAs (i.e., BoT applications) to be handled, when the private cloud has insufficiently available resources to afford all tasks, some tasks have to be outsourced to public clouds with resource-used costs. The key challenge here is how to schedule tasks on hybrid clouds to minimize makespan given a limited budget. This problem can be formulated as an Integer Programming model, which is generally NP-Hard. Accordingly, in this paper, we construct an Iterated Local Search (ILS) algorithm, which employs an effective heuristic to obtain the initial task sequence and utilizes an insertion-neighbourhood-based local search method to explore better task sequences with lower makespans. A swap-based perturbation operator is adopted to avoid local optimum. With the objective of improving the proposal’s efficiency without loss of any effectiveness, to calculate task sequences’ objectives, we construct a Fast Task Assignment (FTA) method by integrating an existing Task Assignment (TA) method with an acceleration mechanism designed through theoretical analysis. Accordingly, the proposed ILS is named FILS. Experimental results show that FILS outperforms the existing best algorithm for the considered problem, considerably and significantly. More importantly, compared with TA, FTA achieves a 2.42x speedup, which verifies that the acceleration mechanism employed by FTA is able to remarkably improve the efficiency. Finally, impacts of key factors are also evaluated and analyzed, exhaustively

CD147 Aggravated Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Triggering NF-κB-Mediated Pyroptosis

Background. Pyroptosis, a novel form of inflammatory programmed cell death, was recently found to be a cause of mucosal barrier defect. In our pervious study, CD147 expression was documented to increase in intestinal tissue of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the function of serum CD147 in pyroptosis. Methods. The study group consisted of 96 cases. The centration of CD147, IL-1β, and IL-18 levels in serum was assessed by ELISA. Real-time PCR and WB were performed to analyze the effect of CD147 on pyroptosis. Results. In this study, our results showed that CD147 induced cell pyroptosis in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) by enhancement of IL-1β and IL-18 expression and secretion in IECs, which is attributed to activation of inflammasomes, including caspase-1 and GSDMD as well as GSDME, leading to aggregate inflammatory reaction. Mechanically, CD147 promoted phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 in IECs, while inhibition of NF-κB activity by the NF-κB inhibitor BAY11-7082 reversed the effect of CD147 on IL-1β and IL-18 secretion. Most importantly, serum CD147 level is slightly clinically correlated with IL-1β, but not IL-18 level. Conclusion. These findings revealed a critical role of CD147 in the patients with IBD, suggesting that blockade of CD147 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for the patients with IBD