Dynamics of entanglement for a two-parameter class of states in a qubit-qutrit system

We investigate the dynamics of entanglement for a two-parameter class of states in a hybrid qubit-qutrit system under the influence of various dissipative channels. Our results show that entanglement sudden death (ESD) is a general phenomenon and it usually takes place in a qubit-qutrit system interacting with various noisy channels, not only the case with dephasing and depolarizing channels observed by others. ESD can only be avoided for some initially entangled states under some particular noisy channels. Moreover, the environment affects the entanglement and the coherence of the system in very different ways.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, 1 table. A negligible error for type on Eq(7) is correcte

Effect of edge decoration on the energy spectrum of semi-infinite lattices

Analytical studies of the effect of edge decoration on the energy spectrum of semi-infinite one-dimensional (1D) lattice chain with Peierls phase transition and zigzag edged graphene (ZEG) are presented by means of transfer matrix method, in the frame of which the sufficient and necessary conditions for the existence of the edge states are determined. For 1D lattice chain, the zero-energy edge state exists when Peierls phase transition happens regardless whether the decoration exists or not, while the non-zero-energy edge states can be induced and manipulated through adjusting the edge decoration. On the other hand, the semi-infinite ZEG model with nearest-neighbor interaction can be mapped into the 1D lattice chain case. The non-zero-energy edge states can be induced by the decoration as well, and we can obtain the condition of the decoration on the edge for the existence of the novel edge states.Comment: 6 pages,4 figure

Orthogonal Subspace Learning for Language Model Continual Learning

Benefiting from massive corpora and advanced hardware, large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities in language understanding and generation. However, their performance degrades in scenarios where multiple tasks are encountered sequentially, also known as catastrophic forgetting. In this paper, we propose orthogonal low-rank adaptation (O-LoRA), a simple and efficient approach for continual learning in language models, effectively mitigating catastrophic forgetting while learning new tasks. Specifically, O-LoRA learns tasks in different (low-rank) vector subspaces that are kept orthogonal to each other in order to minimize interference. Our method induces only marginal additional parameter costs and requires no user data storage for replay. Experimental results on continual learning benchmarks show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, compared to previous approaches, our method excels in preserving the generalization ability of LLMs on unseen tasks.Comment: EMNLP 2023 finding

Influence of hydrodynamic processes on the fate of sedimentary organic matter on continental margins

Understanding the effects of hydrodynamic forcing on organic matter (OM) composition is important for assessment of organic carbon (OC) burial in marginal seas on regional and global scales. Here we examine the relationships between regional oceanographic conditions (bottom shear stress), and the physical characteristics (mineral surface area and grain size) and geochemical properties (OC content [OC%] and carbon isotope compositions [13C, 14C]) of a large suite of surface sediments from the Chinese marginal seas to assess the influence of hydrodynamic processes on the fate of OM on shallow continental shelves. Our results suggest that 14C content is primarily controlled by organo‐mineral interactions and hydrodynamically driven resuspension processes, highlighted by (i) positive correlations between 14C content and OC% (and surface area) and (ii) negative correlations between 14C content and grain size (and bottom shear stress). Hydrodynamic processes influence 14C content due to both OC aging during lateral transport and accompanying selective degradation of OM associated with sediment (re) mobilization, these effects being superimposed on the original 14C characteristics of carbon source. Our observations support the hypotheses of Blair and Aller (2012, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev‐marine‐120709‐142717) and Leithold et al. (2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.10.011) that hydrodynamically driven sediment translocation results in greater OC 14C depletion in broad, shallow marginal seas common to passive margin settings than on active margins. On a global scale, this may influence the extent to which continental margins act as net carbon sources and sinks. Our findings thus suggest that hydrodynamic processes are important in shaping the nature, dynamics, and magnitude of OC export and burial in passive marginal seas

Single-photon-assisted entanglement concentration of a multi-photon system in a partially entangled W state with weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity

We propose a nonlocal entanglement concentration protocol (ECP) for $N$-photon systems in a partially entangled W state, resorting to some ancillary single photons and the parity-check measurement based on cross-Kerr nonlinearity. One party in quantum communication first performs a parity-check measurement on her photon in an $N$-photon system and an ancillary photon, and then she picks up the even-parity instance for obtaining the standard W state. When she obtains an odd-parity instance, the system is in a less-entanglement state and it is the resource in the next round of entanglement concentration. By iterating the entanglement concentration process several times, the present ECP has the total success probability approaching to the limit in theory. The present ECP has the advantage of a high success probability. Moreover, the present ECP requires only the $N$-photon system itself and some ancillary single photons, not two copies of the systems, which decreases the difficulty of its implementation largely in experiment. It maybe have good applications in quantum communication in future.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure